Buying the desired land or house and getting the necessary permits from the municipality and relevant organizations are among the things that must be done before the construction process. The first successful step for the implementation of a construction project is to fully understand the principles of building construction and to know from zero to one hundred construction steps. The construction of the building based on accurate and principled calculations, with a predetermined plan and actually specifying the building construction stages chart, will help the project manager in its precise and principled implementation.
1. Recording and clearing land to carry out the steps of building a building
In the first step, all the additional structures and additions and obstacles to the construction of the building, even the rotten roots of the plants, should be removed from the ground and cleaned. It should be destroyed according to the necessary instructions and the wastes should be disposed of in order to arrange a smooth surface free of any kind of waste to start the construction process.
2. Map -making from paper on the ground
At the beginning of the work, the plan of the building should be implemented on paper on the ground.
The location of the columns, foundations, and other components should be determined on the ground using various methods.
Choosing the implementation method depends on the dimensions of the project. But to implement the plan of small buildings with common use, a meter and string are also used.
3. Gemnons of the early stages of building implementation
Excavation stage is a prerequisite for foundation implementation. It is a process in which the earth is excavated according to the plan using equipment and digging machines. The main purpose of this stage is to remove the natural surface of the land and obtain hard soil and implement the building project on this soil.
4. Foundation formatting
The foundation or foundation of the building is the place where the building and the ground are connected and it is considered one of the main parts of the structure on which the stability of the whole building depends. In the design of the foundation of the building, the structural designers choose a specific foundation according to various factors such as the soil conditions and the weight of the structure and use it in their design. One of the initial stages of foundation construction is to pour a layer of lean concrete with a thickness of 10 cm. This is done to level and create a suitable substrate, as well as to prevent the rapid exit of moisture from the concrete and reduce the quality of the concrete by using It is done from metal molds or wooden molds for foundation.
5. Building and concrete concrete
In the structural calculation map, the steel sections and their numbers are determined so that the reinforcement operation can be done based on that. has After arranging the reinforcements and molding, it is necessary to fill their space using ready and high-quality concrete.
6. Implementation of structural columns
Choosing the type of structure and performing its calculations according to the different conditions and geographical location, the plan of the structure and the columns are determined by civil engineers. The material of the columns of the structures can be steel or reinforced concrete. At least 3 to 4 days after After concreting the foundation, which has hardened, the column reinforcement racks, which are prepared according to the building plan, should be placed. If a metal frame is used, before concreting the foundation, the column plate and its bases must be placed in the foundation body, and at the time of concreting, the process of adjusting the base plates should also be done. After placing the base plates , by using a crane and performing welding, he implemented the metal framework. The implementation of all parts of this stage must be done under the full supervision of the supervising engineer and the structural engineer.
7. Board of arrows and roof
Beams are components of concrete buildings that transfer the load of the roof to the column. Forming of the main beams starts after concreting of all the columns and their formwork is finished. The roof and beams are concreted integrally in buildings whose roofs are block beam type.
It should be noted that before concreting the roof, they check all the reinforcements of the roof in terms of their connections and distances, then they start concreting the roof.