Types and applications of resin

Resin is a material consisting of synthetic or natural organic compounds that have high viscosity. The difference in the color of the resin is from yellow to brown, if it is obtained naturally, the resin is transparent and has a high inflammability. Also, resin is a material that has different hardness and turbidity. Resin solvents are organic solvents such as ether that dissolve well in it but do not dissolve in water. The difference between natural and synthetic resin is in the type of construction and their chemical properties. Compared to natural resin, synthetic resin is more stable and uniform. Natural resin is obtained naturally from the secretions of trees such as pine or as a result of damage to the bark of trees in the face of lightning, wind, fire, etc. The drying of resins does not happen by itself and must be done under special conditions and combined with hardeners and by observing the measurement and ratio of the two materials. In order for the resin to be usable and practical, it must be properly cooked. . Resin with capabilities such as transferring stress between fibers and binding them and optimal protection against external factors, in fields such as industry, interior architecture, handicrafts and visual and decorative arts, plastic manufacturing, glue and ink, 3D printing , surface coatings and paint and varnish are very useful.

Resin is a substance that exists both naturally in nature and on tree trunks and artificially. Resin is classified in different ways depending on its chemical composition and uses. It also has many applications in arts and crafts, polymer, etc. The best natural or herbal resin is the resin obtained from the sap of the pine tree and it has a very pungent smell. The color of this type of plant resin varies from transparent to brown, and they have different hardness and turbidity. Some resins are highly volatile because they contain unstable compounds. Identification of plant resin on trees should be done very carefully, because some types of them contain heptane, which is a very dangerous substance and a flammable and explosive hydrocarbon. As a result of the hardening of plant resin, a famous and decorative substance called amber is created, which is often in dark golden color, which is the conventional color of plant resin. Amber also exists in other colors such as blue, which is very rare. Synthetic and polymer resins are divided into two groups, thermoset (hard heat) and thermoplastic (soft heat) based on their sensitivity to heat.

Acrylic resins are made from compounds such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or other related compounds. They are transparent with good tensile strength. This type of resin is resistant to UV rays and impact. Acrylic resin is a plastic and heat-generating material, which is one of the most common resins used in making water-soluble paints. Acrylic resin creates a thin, glossy and waterproof layer on wood. There are 3 types of acrylic resin, these three types are: thermoset, thermoplast and latex. One of the characteristics of the latex type is that it forms a thin layer on the surfaces that prevents the penetration of water and moisture, but when cleaning The surfaces are not resistant to steam cleaning and the surfaces are clean and transparent. The type of thermoset acrylic resin has better gloss and protection than the type of thermoplast. Also, they have a better solid percentage in the sprayable solution and have more chemical resistance than thermoplastics. Thermoplast acrylic resin does not have any active group and also has a relatively high molecular weight. Acrylic resin has a very high elasticity, which makes it possible for wood to shrink and stretch without creating cracks in the thin layer of resin. They are used for structural and decorative panels, adhesives, elastomers, coatings, panels and transparent tiles.

Alkyd resin is widely used in making oil paint. has This type of resin is part of the polyester resin family. But the difference with polyester is that polyesters need to be baked, but alkyd resins are air-dried or so-called air-dry. This resin is formed from the combination and reaction of an oil and a polyfunctional alcohol and a polyfunctional acid or anhydride. They have very good chemical resistance and electrical and thermal properties. If the amount of oil used in the composition is more, this type of resin becomes oily. This type of resin is very suitable for wooden structures that are exposed to water and moisture, due to the creation of a resistant, waterproof and durable layer on the surface. One of the applications of alkyd resin is in the restoration of old wood that has been painted. Alkyd resins are inexpensive and are used as electrical insulators, electronic components, putty and paint fillers.

Vinyl ester resin is a thermoset resin that is the result of the reaction of epoxy resin with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. This type of resin has very suitable chemical and mechanical properties and has a very high resistance against corrosion and hydrolysis. This type of resin is used when the flexibility of the thin layer of paint is a priority.

Polyester resin is a type of synthetic resin that is formed from the combination of bifunctional acids and polyfunctional alcohol. The usual raw material for polyester production is maleic anhydride with two acidic functional groups. The initial form of polyester resin is like a jam-like liquid (very flexible) which hardens and hardens after combining with hardener. The volume of polyester decreases after hardening because when it hardens and combines with hardener, the molecules come together and some of the liquid evaporates. This resin has a pungent smell and shows excellent resistance to heat, chemicals and flame. To keep polyester resin well, you should put it in a cool and dark place, so that it can be used for a long time. They are usually inexpensive and are used for construction, lamination, auto repair fillers, ski sticks, fishing rods, aircraft and ship components, coatings, decorative accessories, and bottles.

Epoxy resins, also called polyepoxides, are a type of reactive prepolymers and polymers that contain epoxide groups. Epoxy resin is a combination of resin and hardener. This type of resin has many uses and is used in the repair, strengthening and strengthening of structures, including composite products. This type of resin can also be used to make strong molds. Epoxy resin has excellent thermal and chemical resistance and very high adhesive properties. Epoxy resin is used in the production of electrical components such as generators in the electrical industry, due to their high electrical insulation properties. It is also used for laminates, adhesives, flooring, linings, propellers and surface coverings, connecting parts in aircraft manufacturing and aerospace industry.

Phenolic resins are a type of thermoset resin. They are resistant to heat and impact, and also have high resistance to chemical corrosion and heat penetration. This type of resin is easily machined. They are used to impregnate resin, brake pads, electrical components, laminates, cement adhesives, bonded adhesives, and molds.

Polycarbonate resins are thermoplastics that are generally produced from bisphenol A and phosgene. They have high refractive index, electrical and thermal dimensional stability, stain resistance and filtration resistance. They are used to replace metals, helmets, lenses, electrical components, photographic film and insulators.

This type of resin has an amide group as a repeating part of its molecular chains. They are easily molded, strong and durable and lightweight. Polyamide resins have a low friction coefficient and are also resistant to chemicals and abrasion. Polyamide resins are used for stitches, packaging, watch straps, non-lubricated bearings, fibers, gears, tires.

These types of resins are copolymers that consist of polyol and isocyanate components. Polyurethane resins have film elasticity and have high adhesion with substrates. Also, this type of resin has a good balance in increasing length and hardness. They are used for adhesives, elastomers, insulation, and foam linings for clothing.

Silicone resins have good thermal and oxidative stability and flexibility, and are also hydrophobic. Silicone resins form hard layers due to their three-dimensional network structure. They are used for rubber, laminates, encapsulated resins, defoamers and water resistant applications.

The most common type of resin, which produces about 100 million tons annually, are polyethylene resins. They have high chemical resistance and high flexibility. They are used for packaging laminates and films, containers, cable insulation, coatings, toys, molds, liners and pipes.

Resin is used in various industries. Among the uses of resin in handicrafts and making ornaments and accessories and doing artistic works, construction industry, making floors, making paints, using in the automotive industry and shipbuilding, and improving the condition of stones and using in the stone industry. br>