Introducing equipment used in building electricity
Electrical equipment refers to anything that is generally after the electricity meter (electrical equipment that is after the electricity meter). Electrical installations and any equipment that is before the electricity meter will be related to the "electrical network"; And this discussion of the counter is actually a distinction both in terms of responsibility and in terms of definition between the facilities and the electrical network, which we focus on the facilities and electrical equipment of the building. The classification of equipment in electrical installations includes the following:
✅ producer such as generators, (UPS)
✅ transmitter such as conductors, cables
✅ consumer (transformer) such as electric motors, television
✅ measurement and Control such as keys, multimeters
In this article, our intention is to introduce you to two types of building electrical equipment: general transmission equipment and general measurement and control equipment.
Public equipment of the transmitter
Conductors: are equipments that are responsible for the transmission of electrical energy. Conductors in wires and cables are important to us, as each of these types of conductors has its own parameters that According to those parameters, we identify them, design them, use them and order for purchase, which means that we must know these parameters in order to be able to order a conductor, because without knowledge, this is not possible. (For example, someone who uses a cut in the car He does not know that he cannot order it and use it)
There are four main factors to identify wires:
Conductor cross-section in cubic millimeters: The conductor cross-section is actually the cross-section of the wire part itself (the same part that It is copper or aluminum or an alloy of these two or even steel, that part is called the conductor cross-section) which has no threads and is made of metal, which is usually this type The wires have a higher conductivity than the string type, and in terms of national regulations, we must use the wire type up to 10 mm, and if it is not possible, you can use a string.
Wire color: The colors of the wires each have a meaning, for example, the yellow green wire is used to protect the earth (for example, if you connect the phase wire to this wire, in another place, for example, the wiring that comes It is possible to touch it without protection and get injured electrocution) therefore, observing the color of the wire is a very important issue and the national regulations have also created a limit for them. , silver, copper and aluminum alloy, have steel compounds and... the conductor material is a very important issue that copper is usually used. are actually cables for transmitting higher currents (currents that the wires are not the format of) are used that the standard (IC) says that you must use a cable in sections higher than 16 mm square (which, of course, there are exceptions in some places). Cable specifications include the following:
The cross-section of the conductor or conductors in square millimeters: whose cross-sections are defined like wires, but because they may have several conductors, it is possible that their cross-sections are not the same.
Number Conductors: We have cables with different number of conductors, for example, we have four-stranded, two-stranded, etc. cables (for example, two strands are used for single-phase electricity).
Material Insulation: The type of insulation is very important. There are different types of insulation There are such as polyethylene, PVC, etc. (it is possible that a single layer of insulation has several stages).
Protection and other accessories: Conductors can have electrical or mechanical protection. Know how long we want to take a cable or wire Or order not to face the problem.
General control and protective equipment
Keys: The first thing in this matter are the keys. that the keys have three main parameters:
✅the function of the keys: the Euclidean function of connecting and disconnecting, protection
✅ the amperage of the keys: which, for example, the switch transfers up to several amps as a nominal load (for example, single-bridge and double-bridge switches are up to 10 amps, which means they can disconnect and connect up to ten amps).
✅ Short circuit parameters and error