It is called the process of removing soil, stone, and other natural materials and creating a pit in which the construction project is carried out. It doesn't matter what project you want to build. Whether it is a commercial or residential building, roads, bridges, or other underground pipes and lines, the land must be surveyed and prepared. To ensure that a solid foundation is created for the building. Excavation is an important part of any construction project.
In this process, various tools and methods are used to remove soil, rock, and other materials. The purpose of this process is to prepare the area for construction operations. Different construction companies and different contractors use different methods for this work. The work method depends a lot on the materials used and the purpose of the project.
Excavation steps
The excavation process starts with sampling and checking the soil quality of the construction project area. Then the design of the central lines or the general framework of the building is done on the ground. Then its design is done, in which the length, width, and depth of excavation are determined. Then, a maximum of four points and a minimum of two points of the soil are selected to check the surface. Then lines are drawn on the ground using chalk powder. Here, according to the design and the examined points, the excavation depth is determined. Then excavation is done using machines or manually.
Then the excess soil is removed. A distance of at least one meter from the removed soil to the pit is required. Because there is a possibility of soil returning to the area in case of rain. Then the design of the range is done according to the map. If the surrounding soil is loose, appropriate tools should be used to maintain the loose soil. Then the construction of sewer wells or interconnected tunnels is done if necessary. Finally, the surrounding area of the building must be closed for safety.
Necessary designs for excavation
Designing the center line or grid line
Designing the center line is done using numbers and letters on the soil. By using this design, the outline of the building is defined. The lines are designed in such a way that the line is placed exactly on the excavation point and the ground surface.
Excavation design
Excavation design specifies three factors: length, width , and excavation depth. The lines in this design are done using dotted lines.
Scope of Excavation
The main and major tasks that must be done before, during, and after this operation include the following:
Marking the corners and criteria points
surveying the soil surface
excavating until reaching the desired depth
strengthening the loose soil
specifying the final range
constructing wells or underground facilities if necessary
specifying the boundaries Construction
Construction of retaining wall and structure Guardian
Excavation work procedure
The first and initial step is to clear the ground and the surface to be excavated from bushes, plants and grass. Then the design process begins. In this process, excavation lines and its center line are drawn on the soil before the operation. Then according to this design and criteria points that are specified, the operation is performed. Depending on the size and type of project, the operation may be done manually or using machines. At this stage, the soil is removed or removed from the workshop or remains around the pit. Then the range is covered according to the design.
Excavated Soil Removal
Here, engineers estimate what the excavated soil can be used for. If such a use is found for the soil, it should be kept in a place that does not prevent the easy performance of other construction activities. Materials that are not needed should be disposed of quickly away from the place.
Any construction project you intend to undertake will undoubtedly begin with excavation. Excavation is the process by which the ground is prepared to support a structure. There are various methods for excavation, some of which we have introduced in this article. Excavation begins simply by clearing the ground of plants, grass, and rocks and soil that would obstruct construction operations. Then the outline of the excavation, which forms the general perimeter of the building, is drawn. This is done using various criteria. Then the digging operation is done using machines or labor. The foundation of the building is built in this pit and after this stage. To maintain the safety and efficiency of the pit, a type of structure called the guard structure is created and used. The purpose of this structure is to contain the soil under the structure and secure the pit. There are several types of guard structures, each of which has its own use. The most common type of guard structure is the truss structure. In this method, a metal surface is used to control the soil surface. Other types of guard structures are used for various purposes. Finally, it can be said that excavation and construction of guard structure are the first steps towards creating a safe and strong building.