Oral medications
● There are different types of drugs that differ depending on the form of the drug used, the mode of action and the location of their effect.
● Most drugs are taken orally; Because this method is not only easier; Rather, the drug works relatively faster. Tablets and capsules are the most common dosage forms that are taken orally.
● Tablets and capsules are two common forms of oral and solid form medicines.
pills
● Tablets are solid drugs made by compressing the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and other excipients into a flat, round or oval shape.
● Depending on the drug manufacturer, pills come in different sizes, shapes, and colors.
● Tablets can be "immediate-release" in which the drug is released into the body quickly after ingestion, or they can be designed as "extended-release" or "sustained-release" formulations that release the drug slowly over a period of time. .
● Some tablets have a score that can be easily divided into halves or quarters if necessary for accurate dosing.
● Chewable tablets are formulated to be chewed before swallowing and have a better taste for those who have difficulty swallowing tablets whole.
● Some tablets are designed to dissolve or disintegrate quickly in the mouth, known as sublingual or buccal tablets, where the drug is absorbed through the oral mucosa.
capsule
● Capsules consist of a gelatinous or vegetable shell that holds the medicine in the form of powder, granules or liquid.
● Available in different sizes and usually marked with numbers such as size 0, size 1, size 2, etc., with smaller numbers indicating larger capsules.
● Capsules can be filled with an active ingredient or a combination of ingredients.
● Some capsules are designed to release the drug immediately after ingestion (immediate-release capsules), while others are formulated as delayed- or slow-release capsules.
● Some medicines are available in the form of soft gelatin capsules that contain a liquid or semi-solid formula inside.
Liquid drugs
Liquids are a common form of medication that comes in different formulations.
Syrups
● Syrups are liquid medicines that contain dissolved active ingredients with a sweet taste.
● They are often prescribed as oral medicine, especially for children who have difficulty swallowing pills or capsules.
A graduated measuring device such as a spoon or dropper is usually included in the package to ensure accurate dosing
Suspensions
● Suspensions are liquid drugs in which solid particles are dispersed and dispersed uniformly in a liquid base.
● They require shaking before use to ensure that the particles are well mixed.
● Suspensions are usually used when the active ingredients of the drug do not dissolve easily or are insoluble in water.
● They may also contain sweeteners and flavors to improve taste.
Solutions
● Solutions are liquid medicines in which the active ingredients are dissolved in a liquid base.
● They are usually clear and do not need to be shaken before use.
● Solutions are often used for drugs that can be easily and uniformly dissolved in a liquid and quickly absorbed by the body.
● May be packaged with a measuring device to determine the exact dosage.
Exirs
Elixirs are clear, sweet, hydroalcoholic solutions that contain active substances.
● Often contain more alcohol than other liquid forms.
● Elixirs are often used when alcohol increases the solubility or stability of a drug.
Topical drugs
● Topical drugs are drugs that are applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes. They exist in different forms and are used to treat a wide range of skin diseases or to produce local effects.
Worms
● Creams are a popular form of topical medication. They are a mixture of oil and water resulting in a smooth, semi-solid consistency. Creams are easily applied and spread evenly on the skin. Creams are usually used for conditions such as rashes, eczema, or dry skin.
Ointments
● Ointments have a fatty or oily base and are thicker than creams. They create a protective barrier on the skin and allow better absorption of active ingredients and prevent moisture loss. Ointments are often used for conditions such as psoriasis, burns, or dry, cracked skin.
Lotions
● Lotions have more water compared to creams and ointments. They are light and spread easily on the skin and are suitable for larger areas or hairy areas. Lotions are commonly used for conditions such as acne, sunburn, or insect bites.
Inhaled drugs
Suppulsion
