If you are interested in learning all about electronics, you should start by understanding the basic electronic components that make up any electronic design and how they work. Think about how the great pyramids of Egypt were built using blocks of stone. The stones themselves were nothing special; But when combined with careful design, they formed such great structures! Electronic devices are the same way; In the following, we provide you with a list of functional electronic components and a summary of their types and how they work.
Active electronic components
Active electronic components are those that have gain or direction. In fact, electronic devices that need an external source (such as voltage or current) for their operation are classified as active parts. Also, active parts can activate or amplify the signal energy associated with them. Such as, transistors, ICs, logic gates.
Passive electronic components
Passive or passive electronic components are those that have no gain or direction and do not require an external source for their operation. For example, resistors, capacitors, diodes, and inductors are classified as passive components. In addition, passive components cannot amplify or activate the energy of the signal associated with them, they can only weaken it.
IC
IC or integrated circuits are electronic components that combine or integrate several electronic components. One IC can act like a transistor, while another IC can act like a resistor.
An IC is like a ready-made chip that you can use to complete your project. You will build without having to use a lot of transistors or capacitors. As you progress from using basic components to ICs, you will find that it is almost always easier to use ICs for the entire project than to use individual components.
resistance
The second functional piece you should be familiar with is resistance. It is very easy to assume that a resistor, as the name suggests, resists the electricity that passes through it, and this assumption is correct! Any situation that requires current control at a desired level requires a resistor. Electrical resistance is graded based on power ratings (the amount of power they can handle without exploding) and resistance values (the ability to resist current). Resistance is measured in units called ohms. The electronic symbol of this unit is Ω.
capacitor
If a resistor is like a cushion used to control the flow of electricity, capacitors are like small rechargeable batteries that store a small amount of charge. In the sense that these devices can store electric charge temporarily. There are different types of capacitors, the most common of which are ceramic and electrolytic discs
Diode
Diodes allow electrical current to flow in only one direction. Each diode has two terminals known as anode and cathode. When the anode is charged with a positive voltage and the cathode is charged with a negative voltage, an electric current can flow. Reversing these voltages prevents the flow of current