Mapping is a knowledge of engineering science that is used to create and produce maps, and in which various information and data are collected from the place, and after analyzing and examining the information, their mapping operation takes place.
In other words, in mapping the obtained location information using different symbols and shapes to a flat screen like; Computer or paper transfer data and use the obtained maps in different cases. Mapping science is a combination of different sciences that are from other sciences and knowledge such as; Mathematical science and calculations, art, physics, etc. are also used. Cartographers perform mapping operations using different software and hardware, and due to the fact that maps have different types, the cartographer must The mapping of any place should have high knowledge, expertise and skill. As it was said, maps are used in many cases and each map is made by the surveyor associated with them. but to prepare each map, in addition to the necessary knowledge, you must also use the appropriate equipment.
The science of mapping is so important that today there are various academic disciplines related to maps and mapping. Every year, many people are interested in these fields and the people interested in this field are increasing. Mapping is done to achieve different goals, some of the applications of mapping are; Various urban and rural operations, construction, shipping, construction of railways and roads, information on changes in the earth's crust, determining the boundaries of different properties and lands, use in the field of agriculture, specifying land taxes, etc.
Mapping steps
Collection of information: Information and data suitable for mapping are collected using different methods, in this method, many measurements and calculations using devices such as; Theodolite, GPS, Total Station, etc. are done by the surveyor and then they process and analyze the collected information and extract only the useful data. In the second stage of mapping, the obtained information is prepared in the form of a map using different software and hardware, and of course with the help of the map surveyor's knowledge and appropriate equipment. The designs are displayed on paper or computer.
Important Tips on Map and Map Prepare
Mapping is very important in life and today there are many places that need basic mapping for construction and development as well as ease of carrying out various projects.
The general principles of mapping operations
Identifying the area and preparing a sketch
Before being sent to the area for mapping operations, the reconnaissance group checks the available maps and photos. Then the preliminary information of the geographical location of the area, It acquires existing, access ways, etc.
Sketch: Graphic representation of the approximate position of the complications of an area for easier recognition when drawing accurately with software that lacks accurate measurements. is.
The tasks of the identification group are:
A) Preparing a sketch of the area and specifying the scope of the work and checking the natural and artificial complications and borders and roughly implementing them on the sketch. b) Specifying points as harvest vertices and transferring them on the sketch. .
The following points should be taken into account when choosing the harvesting points:
These points should be selected in strong, stable and specific points.
As many vertices as possible Surveys should have equal distances from each other.
Survey stations are well seen from a distance and easy to find.
We place the points on the ground so that each station can be part of It should be possible to remove the land from all the stations.
The distribution of the stations should be such that all the complications in the area can be seen from at least one of the vertices.
At least the selected points should have a view to the points before and after them. We place stones around it and write the name of the station on the stone.
Mark
Choosing the work method: The work method will be chosen according to the available facilities, the size of the area, the desired accuracy, the scale of the map and the time we want to dedicate to the map operation.
Surveying: Collecting information and accurate measurements of the position and dimensions of natural and artificial features, in order to draw and complete the map, is called surveying.
Calculation and drawing : After performing the necessary calculations, the information obtained from the collection is converted into a map They will be.