In general, a pump is a device that takes mechanical energy from an external source and transfers it to the fluid that passes through it. As a result, fluid energy increases after leaving this device (pump). In pumps, fluid energy changes are always observed as fluid pressure changes. Pumps are used to transfer fluid to a certain height or move it in a plumbing or hydraulic system. In more general terms, a pump is a device that moves incompressible fluids from one point to another.
1- Centrifugal pumps
The axis of these pumps is installed horizontally with the axis of its drive motor. One of the disadvantages of these pumps is the ventilation of the suction pipe. These types of pumps are used in situations where the water capacity is high and the pumping height is low. Centrifugal pumps are often used in agricultural, domestic and industrial units due to their wide application, low cost and easy maintenance and repairs. Most of these pumps are used to transfer water and other light fluids.
2- Turbine pumps:
These types of pumps are used to provide water needed for large water supply, agricultural and industrial projects, which have high water flow and medium work pressure. Due to the vertical construction, these pumps have high flexibility and good efficiency, and they can draw water from the canal, river and sea in different conditions on fixed and floating stations. Turbine pumps are a reliable product with high efficiency for harvesting. and water distribution of sand wells, suction pools and pumping stations. The power transmission shaft between the engine and the pump is usually one of the following two types:
The first type is without sheath or water cooled and the shaft is in direct contact with water and is cooled by water. This system is mostly used for drinking water, pumping stations and suction pools for pressurized irrigation.
The second type is shaft and sheath. The shaft is placed inside a tube filled with oil called a sheath, and in this way, cooling is done with oil. This system is usually used in deep and semi-deep agricultural wells. Due to the large space occupied by horizontal electric pumps and due to the limitations of such pumps, especially in high head production, service and Maintenance, greasing and lubrication of bearings, etc., in many pumping station designs, turbine pumps can be used as pumping stations or booster pumps.
3- Floating pumps:
In the type of pumps, the electric motor is coupled with the pump and placed inside the well. The inside of the electric motor is filled with water. This water is used both for lubricating the bearings and for cooling the heat in the winding inside the electric motor. Submersible pumps are mostly used in water supply, agriculture and industry with low water capacity. The pumping height can be increased by increasing the floors of the pumps. One of the important characteristics of this type of pump is that all its parts are placed in water.
4- High pressure pumps:
These types of pumps are used in situations where the water capacity is low and the pumping height is high. One of the disadvantages of these pumps is the ventilation of the suction pipe.