Gas supply system

The transfer of gas flow from high pressure to low pressure is the main function of the natural gas supply system in the building facilities, which is done through the piping system, which is very important in the mechanical facilities of the building. Measured by the amount of pressure in a pipe per square inch, natural gas travels from the main source to the gathering lines, which are like the branches of a tree and get larger as they get closer to the gathering center.

A gathering system may require one or more compressors to transport the gas to a pipeline or processing plant. A compressor is an internal combustion engine or turbine that creates pressure to move a gas stream through pipelines. Most compressors in the natural gas transmission system use a small amount of natural gas in their lines as fuel. Some natural gas gathering systems include a processing unit that performs functions such as removing impurities such as water, carbon dioxide, or sulfur that may foul a pipeline or indirect gases such as helium, which reduce the energy value of the gas. Processing facilities can also remove small amounts of propane and butane. These gases are used for chemicals and other applications.

Natural gas is moved from the gathering system to the transmission system, which generally consists of about 272,000 miles of high-strength steel pipelines. These large transmission lines for natural gas can be compared to the country's international highway system for automobiles. They transport large quantities of natural gas thousands of miles from production areas to local distribution companies. Gas pressure in each section of line typically ranges from 200 to 1,500 pounds per square inch, depending on the type of area in which the pipeline operates. As a safety measure, pipelines are designed and built to withstand a higher pressure than what is actually flowing through the system. Therefore, it can be said that the type of pipes and its resistance to pressure is very important in the matter of mechanical building facilities, especially gas supply facilities.

Compressor stations are located about 50 to 60 miles from each pipeline to increase pressure as pressure is lost due to the friction of the natural gas moving through the steel pipes. Many compressor stations are fully automatic, so flow can be started or stopped from a central pipeline control center in a building's mechanical installation system. The control room can also be used as a remote control system to turn off and on the current along the transmission system. System operators maintain detailed performance information at each compressor station and continuously adjust running engines to maximize efficiency and safety.

Natural gas supply facilities are one of the most important parts related to the mechanical facilities of the building, which is usually responsible for the maintenance and operation of gas pipelines and facilities of residential buildings. When the gas pressure reaches one square meter, it passes through another pressure regulator to reduce the pressure to less than 1/4 pound if necessary. Some gas transportation service lines are currently operating at very low pressure. This pressure is normal for the flow of natural gas in a domestic plumbing system. When an oven or gas stove is lit, the gas pressure is slightly higher than the air pressure, so the gas flow leaves the flames of the stove and is ignited by the presence of fire and appears as a clean blue flame.