Reciprocating compressor or piston compressor refers to positive displacement compressors in which the rotary motion of the crankshaft is converted into a reciprocating motion by the connecting rods and is transferred to the pistons and causes the gas to reach high pressure. The incoming gas enters the intake manifold and after that, the gas flow is taken into the compression cylinder; where by the reciprocating movement of the piston and the crank, the compression process is performed on it and then it comes out of this chamber. These types of pistons are used in oil refineries, gas transmission lines, chemical units, natural gas refinery units and refrigeration systems. Also, these types of compressors are especially used in molding plastic bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Simple Performance of a Pressure Compressor
Reciprocating compressors work like a car engine. The piston moves periodically inside the cylinder, and every time the refrigerant gas moves inside the cylinder, it is pressurized, and when the pressure reaches the required level, it is released from the compressor through the valves that are kept closed by a spring. Therefore, on each side of the piston in the compressor, there is a low pressure part where the evaporator gas enters and a high pressure part where the gas leaves after being compressed. In fact, the operation of the compressor is the opposite of the car engine, which means that in the car engine, the gas is compressed, ignited and expanded, and as a result of the expansion, it moves the piston and turns the crankshaft, but in reciprocating compressors, the crankshaft is cooled by the pistons. It is connected to it, it is moved by electric current or electric motor, and the pistons pressurize the gas inside the cylinder and send it out.
Application Domain
Reciprocating compressors with a wide variety of models and technical specifications and the type of refrigerant used are produced and marketed by compressor manufacturers. Compressors can be used in different refrigeration and air conditioning systems in the evaporation temperature range of 12.5 to -60 degrees Celsius.
Types
Reciprocating compressors used in the refrigeration industry are divided into three categories in terms of construction: Hermetic type compressors (Hermetic Compressor): A hermetic compressor whose driving electric motor is placed in a sealed shell with the mechanical part, and because its shell is welded and cannot be repaired, it is called a "closed compressor" They say.
Semi-Hermetic Compressors: Compressors named as semi-hermetic compressors are designed and built in such a way that, if needed, all their internal parts including the cylinder head - valves - Crankshaft - piston - connecting rod - rotor and stator can be easily repaired and replaced.
Open type compressors (Open Type Compressor)