Types of plows

As mentioned, plows are used for plowing and plowing the soil and they have different types. Fortunately, there are various companies in Iran that have been producing plows of very good quality for many years, and it can be said with confidence that Iranian plows have been able to attract the trust and satisfaction of customers compared to foreign ones.

This iron bull is considered as one of the basic farming practices and is used for the primary plowing of the land. Since the iron bull is the most common type of iron bull, among farmers, the expression of the term iron bull means the same iron bull. Rounded irons will provide a substrate for seed cultivation and root growth. The working mechanism of the reversible plow is that it cuts the soil and then brings it up and with its angular fins, it turns the soil and causes the soil to turn upside down, as well as uprooting weeds and mixing. Remains of previous plants become soil. In order to choose the best plow, we have to pay attention to the type of land tillage, the size of the land and the type of cultivation and the power and type of tractor. For example, we should pay attention to the depth of our land that needs to be tilled, what kind of ship this tillage is for, and what model and power our tractor has. For example, the Ferguson 285 tractor plow, which has a power of 75 horsepower, can move semi-heavy plows that usually have 3 or 4 tines. If our tractor is a garden type, the plow suitable for it is a garden plow with two plows or three plows. Also, heavy plows with a large number of plows can only be carried by agricultural tractors with 4 and 6 cylinders with high power. There are three types of mounted, semi-mounted, and traction bulls, each of which is selected according to the type of use and the type of tractor. Riding reversible plows are usually used in small agricultural fields and have smaller size and weight. This plow is connected through the three-point connection of the tractor and all the weight of its transportation is entered on the tractor. The semi-mounted reversible plow is connected to the tractor's three-point linkage at the front through a rotatable linkage and is placed on the ground at the rear through the trailing wheel. This type of plow is suitable for medium farms and larger tractors. The traction reversible plow is suitable for large agricultural fields and has a lot of weight and power. Due to its high weight, it needs high power tractors and it is connected to the back of the tractor through a strap. Also, this plow usually has three carrier wheels, two of which are in the front and one in the back. One of the things in plowing the land is how it is done every time a path is plowed by a tractor. To follow the plowing direction, the tractor needs to return to the beginning of the plowing path. This work takes a lot of time and is tedious and expensive in large agricultural fields. For this reason, in such situations, they use a double-sided reversible plow, which is very useful in large fields. The reversible plow includes two rows of plows that have opposite directions, and during work, when the tractor reaches the end of the field, the chassis rotates using hydraulic jacks, and the plows of the upper row replace the plows of the lower row. become In this way, without the need to travel an extra distance, the direction of the plows can be changed, and plowing can be done easily in the same direction as the previous plowing. It should be noted that the shape and shape of the plow blade can be different according to the type and texture of the soil.

The plate plow is one of the basic tillage tools and includes a number of concave plates that can be placed at an angle or perpendicular to the ground, and the edge of the plates may be serrated or smooth. The application of this iron plow is almost similar to the iron plows with laps and they are used for primary soil cultivation. Usually, in a situation where, in addition to cutting and turning the soil, you intend to cut the remains of plants on the ground and mix them with the soil, a plate plow is used. The speed of working with this plow is lower compared to the plough, because with the increase in speed, the soil is not turned well. There is usually a cleaning plate on the plates, which, in addition to cleaning the plates, also makes the dirt return better. On the other hand, since the plates can rotate due to the movement of the tractor and being dragged on the soil, it moves more easily in dry, grassy and dense soils. In general, the use of a disc plow is more common in hard and dry soils and soils with plant residues and plant roots.

The iron chisel is mainly used to break and disturb the hard layer of the soil and also to condition the soil to prepare the seed bed. This model, compared to the reversible plow, the chisel needs less tensile strength, and for this reason, in the areas where there is no need to cover the vegetation of the land and the aspects of protective tillage are considered, the use of the chisel is more economical and the initial tillage operation is fast. More is done. The iron chisel cuts and softens the soil without turning it over. It should also be noted that chisel and cultivator are different from each other, despite their relatively similar appearance. The difference between chisel and cultivator is in their working depth, that's why the chisel that works deeper is used for primary tillage and the cultivator, which has a shallower depth, is used for secondary tillage.

Usually, in agricultural lands, after several years of plowing operations and traffic of heavy machines on the soil, a thick layer is formed in the lower layers, which prevents this hard layer from reaching the required nutrients from the lower layer of the soil. It gets to the root of the plant, so this hard layer must be broken. For this purpose, sub-breaker or sub-soiler is used. Subsoiler plows are very similar to chisel plows, with the difference that the subsoiler is heavier, harder materials are used in its construction, and it breaks the soil layers from a deeper depth. The use of a sub-breaker softens the depths of the soil. It should be mentioned that the other name of the plow under the breaker is chisel plow.

When the texture of the soil and working conditions are such that it is necessary to crush and soften the soil at the same time, or plant remains are crushed and mixed with the soil, using a rotary iron bull or a rotivator, which is a basic tillage tool. is used For example, it is common to use a rotivator in gardens to loosen, break up, loosen and increase soil aeration and permeability. The rotating iron bull or rotivator rotates in a rotating axis, and this rotation turns the soil upside down. Rotivators do not turn the soil, but grind and mix it at a certain depth. Iron Rotivator does not create any furrows or ridges in the soil. Usually, c-shaped blades are used in the rotivator, but in situations such as breaking saffron fields, straight blades (without bending) are used.