Despite the great importance of machine technology in agriculture, government policies in the past years have caused inadequate supply of machinery to the agricultural sector. The amount of injection of machinery into the agricultural sector in the past years has not only caused the failure of the mechanization plans of the sector, but has also not responded to the depreciation rate of the machinery. Also, the price growth of agricultural machinery has been higher than the growth of the guaranteed price index of agricultural products. Of course, despite the mentioned cases, the degree of mechanization in agricultural operations has increased over the past years, which indicates the current role of agricultural machines and agricultural mechanization in agricultural development. In Iran, in the past several decades, agricultural machinery has entered various stages of production and has become an integral part of the agricultural structure, but in the past years, the supply of agricultural machinery has faced many important problems and ups and downs, such as the disproportionate supply of agricultural machinery and the needs of the agricultural sector. And the negative effects of this issue have been on the front body. Also, the way of using agricultural machines is an important factor in advancing the goals of mechanization, and in this connection, the literacy level of farmers is significant.
In this case, farmers are divided into three cases: 1) A farmer who only uses agricultural tools and machines and does not use the equipment and tools optimally due to lack of education and training. 2) Farmers who have little information on the correct use and regulation of tools. 3) Farmers whose knowledge about the correct use of tools is sufficient, unfortunately, their number is small and they are classified as advanced farmers. Although more than a century has passed since the invention of the tractor, it can generally be said that it was during the First World War that it gained its power for the first time and was introduced to the field of agriculture after the Second World War. From the two mentioned periods, it is the growing need for food and plant fibers that can be obtained with a smaller number of agricultural workers.Economic and social study of agricultural mechanization in Iran
The reasons for the lack of development of agricultural mechanization in Iran
The use of machines in the field of agricultural products is a term that has been discussed in the country's agriculture sector for about 50 years, and the current Ministry of Agriculture in 1332 by approving the charter of the agricultural machinery development company laid the foundation stone of one of the companies that able to organize such a thing in the country's agriculture field.
In parallel with the establishment of this company, which was done with the initial capital of the country's management and planning organization and in order to increase agricultural production. Of course, traditional agriculture was going that the basic changes should respond to the needs of people's agricultural products due to the increasing population and using the machine. Because until that day, agricultural operations were done with traditional methods such as plowing with oxen and harvesting by hand. Water sources were only from aqueducts or seasonal springs and rivers. The idea of rainfall was focused on rainfed cultivation. The establishment of the first tractor manufacturing factory in Tabriz by assembling 45-60 power tractors by the Ministry of Industries in the forties along with the import of primary tools such as plows, discs, trailers and furrowers for planting operations and the import of medium and heavy tractors by the Machine Development Company Agriculture, establishing and setting up fixed and other repair shops in provincial centers, and hiring foreign experts to transfer knowledge and technology of imported machines, etc., were necessary measures for this transformation. After the land reforms in 2041, the Ministry of Agriculture created cooperative and agricultural production and shareholding companies in the centers of the provinces to organize mechanization by sending internal and external experts and specialists in the background of mechanization transfer and culturalization in the optimal use of the entire land. Its agricultural operations (planting, harvesting, harvesting) were done with machines and were put on the agenda. Specialized agricultural banks were obliged to provide low-interest loans to the farmers who owned the land for the purchase of the mentioned machines. The majority of happy people and serfs are freed and become land owners. The specific and general problems of mechanization in a general view of our agriculture are new and require consideration in all infrastructures. But in the mechanization department, the problems that exist are: Accuracy in fitting and choosing the machine for different regions and different crops, in other words, implementing the right technology in each region 2. Absence of authorized repair shops for agricultural machinery or lack of easy access to them in most parts of the country. 3. Lack of agricultural machinery cooperative service companies and lack of coherence of existing companies 4. Lack of spare parts and lack of strict monitoring of their entry, distribution and sale 5. Absence of education and training centers for farmers in order to exchange experiences and optimal use of machines and tools 6. Disproportion of size and power. . . The machine is operated with the type of operation that usually leads to early wear 7. Lack of applied research to achieve the mechanized model of different products in different conditions. 8. Lack of mastery of basic technical information for the application of the machine. 9. Lack of special attention to large-scale mechanization, which, in addition to placing national and people's resources, will leave agriculture in the record.General special problems of mechanization
From a comparative point of view, the annual repair and maintenance cost of rubber wheel tractors in America is 12% of the machine value, and the annual repair and maintenance cost of the combine is 5% of the machine value. A comparison of the annual maintenance and repair figures of all types of tractors and combines in Iran with similar figures in America shows the increase in the cost of repairs and maintenance in Iran. One of the main reasons for this situation is the long lifespan of the machines, the poor condition of the after-sales service, including the warranty service. And repair shop services, the lack and high cost of spare parts are the unfavorable quality of used parts and the low quality of repairs. Therefore, the use of worn-out machines increases the cost of agricultural operations and the coefficient of machine lagging, while reducing the coefficient of correct operation of the machine. It is clear that the result of the above situation is the failure to carry out the planting, harvesting and harvesting operations on time, reducing the quality of agricultural operations, increasing the waste of inputs and products, increasing the cost of agricultural operations and increasing the fuel subsidy. Therefore, the mechanization plans regarding In addition, the provision of the necessary driving force causes many agricultural operations to be carried out at the wrong time and with the necessary quality, it will also lead to an increase in agricultural costs, an increase in losses and a decrease in yield.