Fiber production
Different fibers are used in fabric production. Cotton and flax are grown in the fields. Wool is also taken from animals and prepared for production. Synthetic fibers are produced by humans in factories. Of course, we should not forget that natural fibers are more useful in the production of quality and durable fabrics.
Cleaning fibers
Cotton that is picked from the field or wool that is sheared from sheep and other animals requires cleaning. These fibers are well cleaned and impurities and substances that should not be included are separated from the fibers. Note that the fiber cleaning step is mandatory, especially for natural fibers such as wool. But sometimes after preparing the fabric, the cleaning step is done.
Comb
Combing and guarding the fibers is very important. When you look at raw wool or cotton, it's all tangled up and looks like a useless ball. Combing the fibers makes them all go in the same direction. Its threads are exposed and ready to be irradiated. Also, short and worthless fibers will be lost at this stage.
Shining
Now it's time to spin the fibers. If you are old enough, you remember that grandmothers used a tool called a spindle to spin these fibers (especially wool). The spinning phase and initial production of yarn is exactly the same as spinning. At this stage, the combed fibers are pulled completely, they are woven together and spun. In this case, there are two types of ring spinning and rotor spinning, in which the fibers are continuously stretched or twisted. The number of turns per inch shows the quality of the thread. In such a way that single strand yarns are delicate and double or triple strand yarns or multi-ply yarns are thicker. At this stage, they may create a new thread by combining two types of fibers, which is very common.
Tissue Preparation
This step is very necessary for synthetic fibers. Synthetic fibers do not have the properties and characteristics of natural fibers. For this reason, materials must be added to them to find some properties of natural fibers. The fabric preparation process, which is called texturing, is accompanied by an operation that causes the introduced synthetic fibers to acquire characteristics close to the characteristics of natural fibers. This process, known as texturing, some characteristics such as the elasticity of the fibers increases. In this way, it will be suitable for fabric production.
Fan
In previous stages, some fibers may not resist. In order that their resistance is not enough to withstand twisting and stretching. For this purpose, chemicals (polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid or starch) are added to the yarn to make it last for the next steps. Ahar is a thick substance that has the property of chemical adhesion and is added to increase the strength of the yarn.
Fabric texture
is produced from the combination of threads in different angles of the fabric. These angles are different. Longitudinal threads are called warp and transverse threads are called weft. In this step, a loom is used. It should be mentioned that the appearance of the fabric changes in the loom. Of course, there are other methods that we will discuss.