is one of the basic and important needs of a facility building, which is built according to basic plans. This vital and bold part of a building, if the principles of engineering drawings are followed, not only helps to optimize energy consumption, but also creates conditions that lead to an increase in the life of the building. In general, building facilities provide the important components of the building, including visual, thermal, auditory and sanitary conditions for the comfort and convenience of the residents. The facilities of the building include things such as cooling and heating systems, air conditioning, gas, water, electricity, telephone, sewage discharge and communication inside the building and expenses.
The risks of inappropriate building installations
The importance of building facilities is not hidden for any of the construction and real estate developers. If the facilities built in buildings are built based on engineering principles and suitable spaces are considered for them, it will increase the life of the building and minimize the time interval of reconstruction. Otherwise, if the facilities in the buildings are not implemented well and are not designed and built based on engineering rules, the lives and property of the residents may be endangered and cause irreparable damages. Therefore, it is recommended that during the construction or renovation of the building, the necessary cost and time should be spent in the facilities department in order to reduce possible risks in addition to reducing the cost of reconstruction.
Types of building installations
In general, construction facilities are divided into two categories: mechanical facilities and electrical facilities, each of the above is made up of specific subsets. Of course, in some buildings, it may be divided into 3 categories, which include mechanical installations, electrical installations, and air conditioning systems. In the following, we will do a complete review of each of the mentioned construction facilities.
Building mechanical installations
A variety of mechanical installations of the building
Building mechanical installations, which play an important role in construction, are divided into different parts, which include the following. Thermal facilities (heating and cooling) Just as water flows from a higher level to a lower level, the way thermal systems work is always to move heat from a hotter object to a colder object. In thermal installations, the cold generator makes the house cooler by removing heat from the air, and the heat generator makes the house warmer by transferring heat to the air. Natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation and combined ventilation are the main components of thermal facilities. Water and sewage facilities (sanitary) Water facilities in buildings are designed and built as distribution tanks or service tanks for purposes such as water storage, balancing the uniform supply flow, uneven consumption flow, as well as supplying and balancing the pressure. Also, the need to return the generated wastewater to nature, the use of wastewater facilities in buildings is very necessary. Gas supply facilities Determining the rules and regulations related to the gas supply facilities of buildings is the responsibility of the gas company and the engineering system organization. Alemak, regulator, gas meter, fastener, hose, gas consumption valve, energy label and thermostat valve are among the components of gas supply facilities. Swimming pool facilities (swimming pool, jacuzzi, sauna) Swimming pool facilities are divided into 6 main parts based on facilities, i.e. water circulation circuit, water fountain and fountain, heaters, automatic chemical systems, lighting and control system. Firefighting facilities (fire alarm, fire extinguishing) Due to the increase of unexpected accidents in urban buildings, the fire department and safety services of Tehran municipality have considered the use of fire extinguishing systems as one of the main parts of building facilities. According to the rules of firefighting networks, different parts of firefighting systems include things such as water tanks, water pumps, piping, connections, and firefighting water boxes in parking lots and floors of buildings. Steam systems facilities Choosing the right size of pipes and valves, such as control valves, pressure reduction and steam traps, will make steam system installations perform more ideally. Elevator facilities Elevator facilities provide the necessary driving force to move the elevator cabin. Of course, in traction elevators, the power required to move the cabin is provided by the balance system.
Building electrical installations
The lighting system, central antenna and fire extinguishing form part of the building's electrical installations. In general, the electricity department supplies the building's electricity, and the building's electrical installations are also responsible for providing the necessary electricity for lighting, heat, and other electrical equipment and appliances in the house. The principles of designing electrical installations in buildings are of particular importance. Because failure to comply with engineering principles may lead to electrocution of building members and even fire of the entire building. Due to having a branch circuit, the electrical installation provides electricity to the internal spaces of the building. In the electrical installations of the building, the presence of a fuse or circuit breaker will cause the circuit to be cut off if the current in the winding rises, so that unfortunate events do not happen to the building. Information and telecommunication systems, security and access systems, internal and external lighting, and power supply and distribution are among the electrical systems in electrical installations.