What is the feed?
The Department of Agriculture defines feed as a combination of whole or processed grains, concentrates, and commercial feeds for all animal species. Livestock and poultry feed generally consists of three main parts: fodder, concentrate and additives. Of course, the poultry and aquatic feed ration has been removed from the fodder section. In general, the main components of feed that must be checked are energy, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins and other feed additives. If this item is balanced and adjusted according to the type and age of the animal, the growth efficiency of your animal will be standard in terms of nutrition.
Food energy sources
Materials that have a high percentage of carbohydrates will be good sources of feed energy. In the feed production industry, grains are the first word to supply the carbohydrate sector. Cereals such as corn, wheat, barley, etc. They are considered the main basis of livestock and poultry feed. Corn: The most widely used grain in the livestock and poultry feed industry is corn. Compared to other grains, corn has higher energy and is cheaper. Also, corn is one of the tasty grains, especially for poultry. On the other hand, corn does not have enough protein and fiber, calcium and phosphorus, and other ingredients should be used to compensate for this problem. Corn has different strains and types, such as sharp tip, horse tooth, white and yellow, which is one of the sources of animal and poultry feed, and yellow corn is used in animal and poultry feed.
< p>Barley:Barley is one of the other energy-rich grains used in livestock and poultry diets. Barley seed also has moderate protein, but there are limitations in its consumption due to some of the compounds in it. If you use barley in your livestock or poultry feed, be sure not to forget to use the beta-glucanase enzyme to avoid any problems.
Wheat:
The most expensive grain for energy supply is wheat, which has the highest level of energy. Wheat has a higher protein percentage than corn, and the combined use of these two grains can be the basis of the best animal and poultry feed.
Fat Resources of Animal and Poultry
Cottonseed oil :
Due to the presence of gossypol in this food, its consumption is limited. Gossypol present in cottonseed oil causes iron deficiency and in case of high consumption, it causes reddening of egg yolk and reduction of the percentage of hatched chickens.
Rose oil: Its erucic acid is less than 2%, which has complications in growth, feed consumption and fat digestion in birds. Sunflower oil:
Due to its unsaturated fatty acids, this oil reduces fat deposition and increases carcass protein. The energy obtained from unsaturated fatty acids is spent on body metabolism, creating a balance between fats, synthesis and catabolism of fats. Flaxseed oil: >
Its consumption in poultry causes the accumulation of omega-3 in the stomach and breast tissue because it is rich in omega-3 and affects the quality of the meat. This oil has high linoleic acid and arachidonic acid.
Soybean oil:
It has impurities that are removed by the processes of filtration, dehydration and Gum removal is removed. Phospholipids, gums, free fatty acids, metal materials, peroxides and pigments are among the remaining materials of this process.
Resources of livestock and poultry feed (proteins)
Soybean meal:
Soybean meal is one of the most famous food ingredients that is used as a source of protein for livestock and poultry feed. Soybean meal is low in the amino acids methionine and cysteine, and it also contains many toxins for poultry, the most important of which is trypsin inhibitor.
Cotton seed meal:
Due to the presence of gossypol, excessive use of cotton seed meal in feeding poultry and other monogastric animals causes poisoning and deaths. It also changes the color of the yolk and turns it into olive green or black. The change in color is related to the combination of iron with gossypol.
Sunflower flour:
There are two types of flour depending on whether the sunflower seeds are peeled or unpeeled. It turns out that they have different nutritional values. The meal of seeds with skins has a lot of raw fiber that should not be used in the feeding of monogastric animals, but it can be used in the ration of ruminants. The meal of its peeled seeds, which have little fiber, are suitable for feeding monogastric animals.
Minerals in the feed and poultry feed
According to the amount of concentration in the body, minerals are divided into two categories: low consumption and high consumption. Minerals that are of little use, but their presence in the body is very vital, are called chelated minerals. It is very important to check the amount of minerals in your livestock and poultry feed. Dietary calcium is one of the widely used substances that is very important in feeding livestock and especially poultry. Materials such as calcium and phosphorus have an effect on the structure of the body's skeleton and are important.