What is a car power wiring?
Automotive electrical system is one of the main parts of today's cars that has many tasks; Because many electrical components are used in the technical, safety and comfort parts of cars these years, and these components all perform their duties through the car's electrical system. All types of car lights, guides, pumps and amps depend on the electrical system. Therefore, this system plays a serious and important role in the performance of all parts of the car. But this system consists of five main parts: producer (alternator), storage (battery), distributor (car wiring), controller (keys and buttons) and power consumer (vehicle electrical accessories and components).
✔️ Car wiring system and its components
Car wiring is one of the main and fixed components of the electrical system of all types of old and modern cars. Depending on the type of car and its electrical components, car wiring can be complex or simple. In this way, all the electrical systems of cars use wires to distribute their production power. These vital components are like the blood vessels of the body that deliver oxygen and nutrients to all the organs of the body with the help of pumping the heart. The wires also deliver the electricity produced by the dynamo to all the electrical components and feed them. Therefore, without their presence and perfect activity, the electricity produced by the dynamo is wasted and becomes useless; In addition, the car's electrical components will not have the required efficiency.
Electricity System
Wires;
fuses;
connections.
These components are fixed parts of any wiring system in any device. It can even be said that the wiring in a building is also made up of these components. Each of these components must have their own characteristics for optimal performance, durability and useful survival in the car.
✔️ Wires in the car wiring system
wires in cars, in addition to transmitting electric power, are sometimes responsible for transmitting information and signals received from sensors or ECU. Therefore, wires are used in different types and with different capabilities in the car. The resistance of each wire should also be selected depending on the current that passes through it. Because the mismatch of the wire with the passing resistance may lead to its early melting. Also, the wires must have the necessary heat resistance and be of sufficient quality to deal with existing destructive factors. On this basis, several important parameters are considered for each wire, and these parameters have an effect on choosing its efficiency.< /p>
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The length of the wire is directly related to its resistance. This means that the longer the wire, the higher the resistance. In fact, longer wires have a better chance of heat exchange due to their longer length; But due to higher resistance, the intensity of the allowed current passing through them decreases.
Sex
The wires used in car wiring are usually made of copper. Of course, the quality of this copper has a direct effect on the resistance of the wires, in such a way that the higher the quality and purity of the copper, the lower the resistance of the wire and it transmits more current.
✔️ Size (wire diameter)
The diameter of the wire is inversely related to its resistance. This means that the higher the size of the wire, the lower its resistance and vice versa.
The important thing about wires in car wiring is choosing the right wire. The right wire has a great effect in reducing energy loss, and it is important that the transmission current in the wire is proportional to the needs of the electrical component. Another point is that the covering of the wires in the car is usually made of rubber. Sometimes, a number of wires are passed through a soft and flexible plastic tube made of plastic or PVC in order to have more and more complete protection.
✔️ Color of wires
According to a specific rule, each wire color is used for a specific task in car wiring so that the wire of each part can be more easily identified during repairs and parts replacement. These colors are:
Blue color (U): It is for large headlights, which is characterized by a white path in the high light and a red path in the low light;
Red color (R): is for small front and rear lights;
Yellow color (Y): the connection between the alternator and the fuse box, as well as the charge light wire is marked with this color;
Green color (G): The color is for the wires that are connected from the fuse to the battery circuit and consumers. Also, the green color indicates the main power of the guide, (green and white) the right guide, (green and blue) the left guide, (green and purple) the brake light, (green and brown) the reverse gear light;
White color (W): the wire connected to the coil shows the oil light and warning lights.
✔️ Fuses
The main function of fuses is to protect the wires that are connected to them. In this way, when the current passing through the wire is higher than its resistance, the fuse jumps and cuts the current. This will protect the wire and prevent it from getting damaged. Fuses in the car consist of two metal blades and are connected with a plastic connector and a conductive wire inside. This conductive wire is made of solder wire and does not have high resistance. Therefore, if the current increases and the temperature increases, the melting and connection of the blades is interrupted. This leads to the interruption of the flow. Fuses are mounted on a special panel in cars. Cars usually have two fuse panels:
close to the engine;
Close to the dashboard.
On the panel near the engine, fuses for the fuel pump, radiator fan pump, anti-lock brake and ECU are connected. The panel behind the dashboard, which is installed near the driver's knee, carries the fuse switch and electrical parts and components inside the cabin. Because of their importance, fuses are usually checked periodically.
✔️ Connections
Connections or sockets, which are the third part of car wiring, are known as the path and means of connecting the wiring to the consumer. That is, without the presence of connections or sockets, the current cannot be transferred to the consumer. Another importance of sockets is the role they play in wiring repairs and fuses. Without sockets, wiring repairs would be almost impossible. Because it is not possible to replace the consumer parts that the coils pass through or lead to without connections. Sockets should also be waterproof and rustproof and have a proper electrical connection. The connections themselves have four main components:
shell;
pins;
pin holder;
Insulation washer.
The socket shell has two separate parts that are connected by a connecting clip on their body. This shell that houses the pins and their holder has special spines for placing these components and locking them. It also has a special groove for mounting the washer on it. The sealing gasket prevents water from entering the shell, and the pins are also the places where the two ends of the wires are connected.
