The definition of mapping science
Mapping is a set of sciences and techniques for precise measurement and specifying the relative position of the effects on the surface of the earth (this activity can also happen underwater).
The effects can be naturally ( The collection of natural resources (such as forests, seas and rivers) or artificial (such as arena walls, streets and buildings).
Measurements in mapping are generally divided into three categories, which are:
field operations: including identification and initial visit; Selection of work points and measurement stations; Measuring lengths, angles and heights
Calculations: performing the necessary calculations according to the obtained measurements
Preparing a map: transferring the measurements made on the page According to the required calculations and scale.
Importance and use of mapping:
Mapping is one of the oldest techniques and techniques used by mankind and it is used to determine the boundaries of agricultural and residential lands. Among the major uses of mapping science that are used today, the following can be mentioned: >
○ Controlling executive projects and determining the amount of settlement of buildings.
○ Implementation of huge industrial devices
○ Land leveling in agriculture and urban development
○ Determining the depth of waters and preparing navigation maps (charts Maritime)
○ Preparation of maps of buildings and ancient monuments
○ Construction of roads and railways
○ Determining the crust of the land
○ Separation of apartments
○ Calculation of soil volume
Types of mapping
● Urban mapping
● Geomorphological mapping
● Mine mapping
● Hydrographic mapping
● Registration mapping (cadastre)
● Route mapping
● historical building mapping
● aerial mapping (photogrametric)
● military mapping