Types of teaching methods and principles

Finding an effective and excellent teaching method is one of the most important goals of a professional teacher; Choosing the right teaching method helps the teachers to consider the conditions of the students while teaching successfully and to have the best lesson presentation according to their conditions and ultimately increase the quality of teaching and learning.

Before we want to recount the types of teaching methods and principles, we consider it obligatory to provide a definition of the teaching method. Teaching method refers to the general principles, forms of learning, educational and management strategies that are used by the teacher for the purpose of teaching in the classroom. The choice of teaching method depends on various factors such as educational philosophy, age of students, level of education, their capabilities, level of intelligence, learning ability, goals of teacher and school, etc. and these factors include the philosophy of different teaching methods. >

In general, teaching theories can be divided into four categories based on two indicators: Teacher-centered approach versus student-centered approach A high-tech approach versus a traditional, low-tech approach In another division, the types of teaching methods can be placed in two general categories: Language teaching method Active (participatory) teaching method

A template is a small example of an object that has the main and important features of that object; We mean the teaching model as the framework and structure that includes the important elements of teaching. The teacher's level of knowledge and his attitudes about education affect the choice of teaching model. Two important types of teaching model are: pre-organizer pattern; It means the topic or the general concept that comes in the introduction of teaching and helps to present the content to the students and connects the previous topics to the new topics and in that content is examined from the whole to the exception. problem solving model; Relying on their previous knowledge and experiences, learners reflect on environmental issues and events and try to solve issues and problems.

Teaching techniques are methods that are designed and created based on the teacher's creativity, and knowing them helps the teacher to facilitate the teaching process. Three important points in this regard include the interaction between the learner and the teacher (teacher and student), the goal that has been specified in advance by the teacher, and creating an environment for easy learning.

Teaching and training is a dynamic process that needs to meet the learning needs of students and learners. Choosing the most effective teaching method can help teachers and students in the challenging task of teaching and learning.

Direct teaching method: The teacher, like a speaker, provides different educational materials directly to the learners and tries to provide the learners with a large amount of information in a short period of time. The teacher has an active role and is the main focus of the classroom. Indirect teaching method: the teacher tries to express different subjects in different formats and forms; This method is a practical and effective way to express difficult, abstract and complex issues. The teacher plays the role of facilitator and guide and the student actively participates in the classroom.

In this method, the main teacher of Treat is responsible for the role in education; In this approach, the role of the teacher is completely active and the student is passive, and is considered as an empty vessel that is filled by direct instruction and teacher's lectures and learns lessons. The teacher measures what he has taught the student through tests and evaluations and giving grades; In other words, teaching and evaluation are completely separate from each other.

In this approach, despite the colorful role of the teacher in the classroom, the amount of activity of the teacher and the student is the same and the students participate in the teaching and learning process with their active role and in cooperation with the teacher. The teacher, as a trainer and facilitator, helps to teach lessons and learn and understand the general content, and finally to evaluate the student through direct and indirect methods such as tests, conducting research, doing projects individually or in groups, and presenting work samples. , presenting a class report or student participation in class. Therefore, teaching and evaluation are not considered separately from each other and are completely related to each other.

The advancement of technology has a significant impact on the creation of this educational method; In this educational approach, technology is used in many different ways for learning and teaching. Technology is an inseparable element of student education in the classroom; It is common to use computers, tablets, laptops, internet, educational software, online education space in teaching and doing homework, and the student and teacher rely on new technologies and have unlimited learning resources and can communicate with people. It is important to communicate with different researchers around the world.

Although the role and impact The positive effect of technology on education is undeniable, but still, for various reasons, the preference of some teachers and trainers is to use more traditional teaching methods, that is, methods in which less technology is used.

In this teaching style, there is more physical presence and interaction between the teacher and the student, and some researchers say that classrooms with low technology strengthen learning and to prove their point, the effect of better recall and more handwritten notes than notes

< span style="font-size: 17px; white-space: normal;">In some cases, the learning level of students is better in classrooms with lower technology and the experience of the teacher has a more positive effect on the student.

Moving students in the classroom and using hands and gestures, doing practical work in the classroom, attending the field classroom, educational discovery, research and direct interviews with others, attending the laboratory of some It is activities that are done in classrooms with less technology.