According to the characteristics of wood and its properties, according to the type of use of wood, its characteristics such as strength, flexibility, lightness and heaviness, waterproof or hardness and softness of wood and Or its shape, color and beauty will help you a lot compared to the more suitable choice and its compatibility with the product, and not knowing it will cause financial losses and waste of your time and efforts and damage your product, so knowing the wood is one of the measures. It is essential and basic for a carpenter and carpentry students.
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Wood
Wood, botanically, is the solid and hard part under the bark of the stem of a tree or other woody plants that exists in the form of vascular tissue. Although wood is found only in trees and shrubs, scientifically, it is found in all vascular plants. Visible in the wood below are the woody tissue or woody ducts, which carry raw sap, water and dissolved mineral salts from the root to the leaves and aerial buds. Drainage vessel or liber canals, where the ready food for the leaves (product sap) circulates in solution form through them to feed the rest of the plant. Wood canals are created by dead cells and wooded walls. In both cases, cell protoplasm appears and the walls are increased by the deposition of lignin material (from which wood is hard). In the first year of growth, the fibrous and vascular surfaces are placed at a certain distance in the tissue between the xylem and the sapwood, this layer is called cambium. The cambium is divided into two parts, the inner (xylem) and the outer (sink). As the old cells collapse with the continuous growth of the trunk, the new layers of drainage vessels do their work. Undoubtedly, wood is one of the best and most useful raw materials in nature, and without it, mankind would never reach the current level of progress and prosperity.
Wood structure
In terms of botany, wood is the solid and hard part under the bark of the stem, which exists in the form of vascular tissue. Although in general sense, wood is found only in trees and shrubs, scientifically it is present in all vascular plants. The fibrous and vascular surfaces are the components of wood that form the circulatory system of higher plants. In these aspects, the following ducts can be seen: 1) woody tissue or woody ducts, which take raw sap, water and dissolved mineral salts from the roots to the leaves and aerial buds. 2) Drainage vessel or liber ducts, through which ready food for the leaves (produced sap) circulates in a solution form to feed the rest of the plant. Wood ducts are formed by dead cells and wooded walls, while liber ducts are produced by living, elongated and hollow cells. He owes it to it, they increase. In the first year of growth, the fibrous and vascular surfaces are placed at a certain distance in the tissue between the xylem and vascular tissue, the layer which is now called cambium, extends from the front.
Cambium into two internal parts. It is divided into (xylem vessel) and external (irrigation vessel). However, the newest layers of the drainage vessel do their job, as the old cells of the trunk continuously expand and collapse.
The segmentation of the woods
Division of wood is done in several ways. But from the point of view of botany, there are two main groups:
1) Conifers: these woods are obtained from trees whose fruits are cones (pine) and They often have needle-like leaves and open seeds. These are also called soft wood. 2) Nehandangan or deciduous trees: they have broad leaves and are also called hard wood.
How is wood made?
Woods such as beech, sycamore, plantain, walnut, mulberry, etc. are produced from domestic forests, but Russian wood is produced from Russia, which is located in the north of Iran. Russian wood is from pine trees that are cut in Russian forests and then taken to the factory and cut into different sizes and packed in pallets and exported to different countries. When cutting down trees in Russia from It starts in May and lasts until September, and this is because during the rest of the year Russian forests are frozen and people are not able to work in the forests. The natural beauty and lasting nature of wood can bring warmth and beauty to our home decor. Wood is obtained from different types of trees. Wooden furniture is one of the smallest things people can own. Different types of wood have different characteristics, color, texture and resistance. Different types of wood can be used. In general, there are two types of wood:
*soft wood
*hard wood