Stone is one of the most widely used and common building materials that have been used since the past until today. Stones have unique capabilities that cannot be compared with other building materials.
Among the features of building stone are very high durability and resistance, good polishability, high abrasion and impact resistance, Ability to cut and polish, ability to wash, stability of color, resistance to heat and humidity, suitable tensile and bending resistance, impervious, resistance to weather changes, high hardness and compressive strength, and stability against acidic and alkaline substances.
Stone is used to cover the inner wall of the building, facade, road infrastructure, wall and foundation, street floor and sidewalk and various decorations.
The use of stone in the construction industry
Building floor and stairs
The stone that is used for stairs and flooring will be subject to wear and impact, so it must be very hard and resistant to wear and tear. It has a high impact. The floor stone of the building must be cut in one direction. Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks have this advantage. In addition, due to being exposed to pollution, the floor stone and stairs should have little porosity, so as to wash with detergents and pour acidic or alkaline substances. It is impenetrable and not damaged. Among the stones that are suitable for floors and stairs, we can mention marble and granite stones. The use of stone is the facade of the building. For the facade of the building, durable and resistant stones are used so that they are not damaged by various environmental factors.
Changing atmospheric conditions, sunlight, frost, dust, acid rain and air pollution, including There are factors that affect the resistance of stone. Travertine stone is a suitable option for use in building facades.
Walls and foundations
Stones used for retaining walls and foundations are irregular and shapeless. They are specially arranged. To save the cost of construction, the stones that exist in the area are used.
Covering the walls inside the building
Using stone for the interior wall of the building gives it a very cool and magnificent appearance. Basically, stone is used to cover the walls of bathrooms and toilets, office buildings, stores and dining halls.
The stone used for the wall should have a beautiful appearance and a polished surface. In addition, its porosity should be low so that it is not damaged by washing with detergents and its resistance is not reduced. It is not used to cover the roof of the building, but in some areas these stone coverings can be seen. Roofing stones should be light weight, non-porous and impervious and have high bending resistance.
In addition, it can be divided into flat and thin layers. Chlorite schists and mica schists are suitable stones for roof covering. In addition to high durability, they have good bending and tensile strength and are used for interior decoration.
These stones are used to decorate fireplace walls, columns and door and window frames. Antique stone is an example of stones that are used for this purpose.
Types of building stones
Granite stone
Limestone is used to decorate the floor, wall inside the building, column construction and statue facade. Granite is a type of igneous rock that is considered a durable material due to its high density and hardness. The building, the surface of the stairs and the floor are used; Because this stone is very resistant to weathering. The price of this stone is lower than other stones, so it is affordable for use in building.
This stone is very similar to granite, but it is harder than it. The appearance of this crystal stone is rough and its color is burnt red, gray and brown. Marble has high polishing ability and It has a mirror surface. Because of its high polish and beautiful colors, this type of stone is used for interior decoration, flooring, columns, stairs, and decorations inside the building, but because its resistance to moisture and pollution is low, it is not recommended for building facades. .
Marblestone
Marblestone is nothing like marble. Marble does not absorb water, but it has little resistance to weathering and acid rain. This low resistance makes this stone work only inside the building.
Travertine stone
Travertine stone is used for building facades and interior decoration. . These stones are used in tropical areas to decorate the exterior of the building. Among the types of travertine stone, we can mention stalactite and stalagmite.
Antique stone
Antique stone is in the category of decorative stones, which is produced by placing pieces of travertine next to each other. This stone can be used as a decorative stone in the interior and exterior of the building and garden landscaping.
Gabro stone
Gabro stone is one of the stones It is used in the construction of cabinet counters, floor tiles, facade stone and decorative stone of the building. The resistance of gabbro stone against weathering is high, that is why it is used for building facades and flooring.
This stone is a type of internal igneous rock that has a dark color and a coarse texture. The color of gabbro is green, black and greenish gray, which gives a unique effect with polishing.
Diorite stone
Another stone It is diorite stone that is used for building facades, floors and stairs. This stone has gray, dark gray and greenish gray colors.