Road construction and transportation operations generally take place in the construction of rural and urban roads as well as intercity roads, and due to the special conditions of road construction and transportation operations, the precision of engineers in design and calculations It is very important. For example, if in the design of a road, not enough attention is paid to the way the road bends; We will definitely face countless accidents. In the next step, the regulation of road surfaces and its durability and consistency are also among the issues that engineers solve the obstacles by addressing them. We will explain the shipping for you. Broadly, road construction and transportation operations can be described by three processes:
1. Setting:
Adjustment operations follow the dimensions of the plan drawings.
The profile page method is a common adjustment method used. A series of signs capable of showing the exact level of 1 meter above the full construction level are placed at intervals along the proposed road lines. A fixed height profile is used to control the surfaces drilled between these profile plates.
2. Substructure:
One of the main tasks in road construction and transportation operations and road construction is earthworks and infrastructure. Infrastructure includes removing the soil surface from any vegetation, soil removal and grading the area to "formation level". Subsoil operations in the process of road construction and transportation are usually done using a tractor shovel, grader, or bulldozer. What is necessary in this process is to test the resistance of the substrate before starting the excavation work. Most of the infrastructure works in road construction operations are carried out using earthmoving and earth-filling.
3. Pavement construction:
In the next step, after preparing the substrate and installing the drainage services, you can start the paving operation. The paving process can be a flexible or rigid process. There are advantages and disadvantages for each of these cases, depending on the specific needs of a road construction and transportation project, one of them can be chosen. Process hard pavements have lower maintenance costs, higher strength and longer lifespan. On the other hand, the process of flexible pavements in road construction operations has a lower construction cost and also has a higher ability to expand and contract with temperature; But the life of these pavements is less.
Steps of transportation and road construction operations
1. The first stage of road construction and transportation operations In the most basic stage of road construction operations, the transportation or road construction engineer must prepare a topographic map that includes the physical characteristics of the land for the road area. This topographic map must have elevation curves. Also, at this stage of the road construction operation, the characteristics of the land on which the road is to be built should be determined. The type of land for road construction can be plain, mountainous or horizontal hill. In the next step, the specifications of the road, such as the number of lanes on the way back and forth, etc., must be determined. Also, at this stage, the design speed and the minimum and maximum virtual slope that this road can have are determined by the road construction engineers.
2. The second stage of road construction and transportation operations: road filling should be done in this stage of road construction operations. In the initial step of this step, you should calculate the appropriate radius according to the value you obtained in the previous step and from the value of the slope. In the next step, the engineers of the road construction project, from the beginning of the road to the end of the road, should draw circles with the calculated radius, so as to cover the entire route in the transportation operation.
3. The third stage of transportation and road construction operations The third stage is one of the most important stages in road construction operations. In the third step, broken lines should be defined. To specify these broken lines on the road, you need to pay attention to certain things. Among the things that you should pay attention to at this stage of the transportation operation, is that the road designed by you should have the minimum number of breaks and curves. Also, the angle that deviates the path must be its minimum value. With all these things in mind, you need to determine the location of the broken lines. Also design the vertical arcs of the path. If you pay attention to the mentioned points, you can design optimal broken lines in transportation operations.