One of the most important problems of building construction in ancient times was how to transfer water to different parts of the building. Think about it; For a simple bath, they had to bring water from the spring, boil it in large pots, and then pour it over their heads and bodies with a container. Sounds like a lot of work, doesn't it?!
To summarize; Man once again started to make his life easier and invented pipes and faucets.
But who first piped their buildings? What have been the changes of pipes and construction connections since the past? And what are the characteristics of modern building connections that have opened their place in our lives today?
It might be interesting for you to know that the first people who used the plumbing system in their buildings were Iranians! (Yes, being the first may have become repetitive for you, but there were really Iranians here!)
Archaeological results around Persepolis show that the ancient Iranians used various pipes and fittings to transport water to other parts of the building. These pipes were usually made of mud or different stones. But with the passage of time, pipes and construction fittings took on a new form.
Today, with the advancement of technology and the expansion of the construction industry, various types of modern construction pipes and fittings have been produced. The most important thing about modern connections is their design. Due to the advancement of piping systems, building connections had to be designed to meet the needs. For this reason, today, for any type of plumbing in the building, the corresponding fittings can be used.
What materials are piping fittings?
If you are interested in technical works, you have definitely seen the brass nuts of faucets or various types of metal tees. These connections are among the first modern connections that have been widely used in construction. Since the use of metal pipes has been very common, metal joints were also used to connect them. But the existence of many problems in the way of sealing them caused the engineers to think of making newer pipes and connections.
Nowadays, various types of pipe fittings are made using different materials. Polyethylene pipes and fittings are one of the newest construction fittings that have unique features. This type of connection has a light weight and it is much easier to install them than other pipes and connections. Also, the inner coating of the pipes is designed to absorb less sediment. Therefore, if you are looking for high-quality and resistant pipes and fittings, it is better to choose polyethylene fittings!
Brain connections
If we want to connect two pipes or two parts during plumbing, we use brain connections. Brains are actually small tubes that are threaded on both sides. That is, there are ribs on both sides of the pipe.
These ribs make it possible to use them to connect pipes. Another use of brain connections is to increase and decrease the diameter of pipes. One side of this type of brain has a larger diameter than the other side; Therefore, two pipes with different diameters can be connected together.
Massera bead
All of you have probably seen this type of connections! Because it is widely used in building plumbing. The design of the bead of the coil is done in three pieces. These pieces include male and female as well as the connecting part, which has different threads according to the type of application. The bead of Masoureh has three very important uses, which are:
Application in closed piping systems in buildings
To connect different devices such as water heater, wall package, etc.
Use next to disconnecting and connecting valves
Tube cap
They are the simplest type of construction fittings that are used to block pipes. If we want to block a pipe with a small diameter, four corner caps are the best option. Hexagon caps are also recommended for blocking pipes with a large diameter.
Bushes
Bushan is a type of piping connection that is completely threaded inside. Therefore, they can be used to connect pipes whose outer surface is threaded (that is, grooves are created inside). Bushen types are divided into three categories based on the type of application, which are:
Normal bushing: If we want to connect two pipes with the same diameter, we use normal bushings.
Conversion bushing: It is used to connect two pipes of different sizes.
Topic bushing: This type of bushing has a special design. One side has an internal thread and the other side has an external thread. Therefore, they can be used to add a small amount to the length of the main pipe.
Flange and washer
A flange is a type of cast iron plate that can be used to close special piping connections. Washers are also used to seal the flange. Installation of flanges must be done very carefully because if the screws are not properly closed, it may damage the piping.
Triple connections
This type of connection is very widely used and is used in all construction piping systems. The special use of tees is to create sub-branches in the main piping path. Through these connections, water can be transferred to different areas of the building. Tees are divided into three categories based on the type of design, which are:
Conversion three -way
If we want to branch from pipes with the same diameter, we must use a conversion tee. These tees also have different threads.
Vertical three -way
If the main pipes have a 90 degree angle and we want to make a branch from them, we must use a vertical tee or an equivalent tee. The threads of this tee are towards the inside.
45 -degree three -way.
These connections are also used for branching at 45 degree angles.
Quarter connections
This type of connection, like tees, is used to branch and extend piping to different areas of the building. Their only difference is the increase in the number of branches from three to four, which can have unique applications.
Knee connections
In piping systems, it is sometimes necessary to change the route of the pipes. For this purpose, all kinds of knees can be used. Elbows are divided into three categories based on the type of application, which are:
Conversion elbow: This type of connection is used to change the direction of pipes with different diameters.
90 degree elbow: They are also called flat elbow and are used to change the direction of pipes by 90 degrees.
45 degree elbow: If we want to deviate the piping path by 45 degrees, we use 45 degree elbows. In this type of elbows, the amount of pipe clogging is much lower than in 90 degree elbows. Therefore, it is better to use this type of connections more often in piping systems.
