What is excavation? (Excavation)
General stages of excavation
- Preparation of the soil bed
The most basic step for excavation is soil preparation and foundation. The execution of all operations must be according to the execution plans by the relevant engineers. Excavation operations should be continued until the ground has reached sufficient resistance and strength. If the surface does not have the desired level, you must first remove the vegetable soil and then start the main embankment; During embankment, attention should be paid not to encroach too much on the ground.
- Preparation of the street surface
Preparing the street surface is the second stage of excavation. At this stage, the ground should be at a suitable and sufficient level and not exceed the permissible limit. In fact, at this stage, you should fill the surface of the street with sand or suitable materials so that it is ready for operation.
- Modify the materials and segregate the appropriate materials
The materials that are created as a result of excavation or excavation are used for construction materials. The soil used for this purpose is divided into two categories: fine-grained and coarse-grained. Some soils, such as chalky, salty, vegetable, muddy, etc., are in the category of low-quality and unsuitable soils and should be avoided. Determining which soil is suitable is the responsibility of the regulatory bodies and the employer.
According to the discretion of the employer and executive bodies, if the remaining soil is not suitable or of good quality, it should be modified, for this purpose, soils such as clay are used, but it is better to use the soil obtained from excavation first, and then in case of lack of resources. Let's use borrowed resources.
- Preparation of embankment bed
After completing the previous steps, it is time to prepare the embankment bed. At this stage, the desired surface should be cleaned of any inappropriate materials, plant roots, etc. The thickness of the embankment surface should not exceed 10 cm, and the transverse slope should be designed and built in such a way that surface water is directed into the atmosphere or sewers.