Concreting is one of the most important stages of construction in any building and it cannot be easily bypassed. Because the strength and resistance of any building against various events is related to its proper foundation. Pouring concrete is one of the parts that must be performed with precision and principles in building a structure so that we don't have to worry about the safety of the building.
Types of concreting
When it comes to pouring concrete, there are different types that are used for specific methods. In this article, we will introduce different methods of concreting, stay with us.
Plain concrete
This is the simplest form of concrete, which consists of cement, sand and aggregates mixed together. It is usually used for non-structural elements such as pavements and floors.
Reinforced concrete
As its name suggests, this type of concrete is reinforced with steel bars or mesh. This type of concrete provides more strength and durability and makes it suitable for structural components such as beams, columns and slabs.
Prestressed concrete
In prestressed concrete, high-strength steel wires or strands are stretched before the concrete mixture is poured. This type of concrete helps to cope with external forces during loading and increases its resistance to cracking.
Shotcrete
Shotcrete, also known as shotcrete, is a mixture of cement, aggregates, water, and sometimes additives that is pneumatically applied to surfaces using compressed air. is played
Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)
SCC eliminates the need for mechanical compaction by easily flowing into complex shapes under its own weight without segregation. Its high performance makes it ideal for congested reinforcement areas where older methods may have difficulty.
Each type of concreting has its own unique characteristics that make it suitable for specific applications in projects. It makes a suitable building.
The most important measures before starting the concreting process
Before starting the concreting process, there are several critical steps to consider. These steps guarantee that the final result will be of high quality and durability.
Assessment of site conditions is essential before starting any concrete work. This includes checking for any underground utilities or obstructions that may interfere with the pouring process. In addition, an assessment of soil conditions can help determine whether special preparation is needed.
In the next step, it is necessary to install the appropriate formwork to achieve the desired shape and dimensions of the concrete structure. The forms must be strong to prevent displacement during pouring and hardening of the concrete.
Another important measure is to ensure that the proper reinforcement is placed inside the concrete. Reinforcing bars or mesh provide more strength and stability to withstand different loads over time.
Correct mixing of materials cannot be ignored either. Accurate proportions of cement, aggregates, water and admixtures must be used to achieve a cohesive and strong mix.
Safety precautions should always be a priority before starting any construction project with concrete. This includes wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), implementing fall protection systems when working at height, and following established protocols for handling equipment and tools.
Steps of concreting construction
One: Preparing the concrete
Before starting concreting, one should pay attention to the quality of the concrete used for the structure and make sure of its suitability. The concrete building materials must be mixed with the exact percentage so that the concrete does not have problems later. Too little or too much of any of the ingredients of concrete can cause many problems for builders and question the safety of the building. Concrete consists of materials such as sand, cement, limestone, water and other chemicals. Three-fourths of concrete is made up of aggregates and the remaining one-fourth is water. How to combine these materials together is a specialized act and should be done with sufficient knowledge and skill.
In the past few years, the use of ready-mixed concrete has become very popular. The advantage of using this type of concrete is that there is no need to mix materials and prepare concrete at the building site, and waste of raw materials is also avoided. Ready-mixed concrete, as the name suggests, refers to concrete that is produced in factories and then transported to the construction site. Usually, special trucks or concrete bunkers are used to transport from the factory to the construction site. The concrete mixer truck affects the quality of ready concrete.
Two: Reinforcement and molding
Another step that must be done before concreting is reinforcement and molding. In the foundation of the building, the structural engineer determines the number of reinforcements and others by considering the number of floors, the calculation of the load on the foundation, the quality of the ground and other factors. This part of the work should be done by the engineers who supervise the project. Engineers determine the width of the reinforcements or rebars with the required calculations. A small space is kept around the rebars, which is related to the placement of concrete forms.
Other than the EP of the building, roofs and columns also need molding and reinforcement. Before concreting the roof, beams and blocks are reinforced. In the implementation of concrete structures for the roof, beams are used and the middle of the beams is filled with blocks or monolith. These materials are known as thermal insulation and are engineering approved. The rebars are placed on the four sides of the beams and after the reinforcement is completely done, the forms are placed and piles are placed under the beams. Piles create a support surface so that the roof does not fall.
Three: Concreting
After the molding and reinforcement steps are done, the concrete is poured in its own parts. Since a lot of concrete is needed in the foundation of the building, various methods are used to transfer the concrete. Among these methods, we can mention the use of monorail device, elevator system or concrete pumping.
The roof of the building needs less concrete than the foundation. The mentioned methods are used to transfer concrete to the roof. Basti roof concreting must be done in one step and there should not be any delay in doing it, because the roof of the building should be integrated and there should not be hip cracks or defects in it. Concreting in the columns is also done manually or by pumping concrete.