Getting to know the types of steel sections and their applications

Steel sections available in the Iranian market can be divided into 6 general categories, each of which is specific and different from other examples based on their physical characteristics.

Gutter or C-shaped sections Channel section is one of the types of hot rolled steel sections. It is made of one body and two wings, with the difference that the body is not in the middle part of the wings but at the end of them. This seemingly simple shape provides a lot of structural strength, making this type of long steel section a practical option for framing and bracing. A stud is a type of open profile with a C or U-shaped cross-section, which is made of the highest quality steel. The special cross-sectional shape of this type of profile makes the stud have a unified structure and a suitable performance for load bearing. Due to its unique physical and structural features, the use of studs is very many and varied, which we will mention below. In the field of construction, they are used as roof and column support structures, wall framing, false ceilings, and even door and window frames. In the manufacturing and engineering industries, it is a suitable option for the construction of the main structure of all kinds of conveyor belts in factories, storage racks and pallets, as well as the construction of chassis and car body. These sections are even used for electricity and telecommunication infrastructures. They are also used as channels for the passage of telecommunication cables and supporting structures for overhead power lines and communication networks. Corner or L-shaped sections The shape of the angle section (in English: angle section) is something like L. The wings of this section can have equal or different lengths, but the angle of the two wings is vertical in any case. This structure and 90 degree angle greatly increased the structural resistance of this section and made the corner perform very well under point pressures. These sections can be easily cut, punched, machined or even welded, that's why it is the most widely used form among all steel sections. Angles are produced in the form of 6-meter branches, similar to other types of steel sections, and the consumer can cut them into smaller lengths according to their needs. A corner is used to build floor systems in residential apartments, part of triangular light structures, etc. The interesting and attractive thing about these sections is the simple process of making them.

Hollow structural section (HSS) is one of the most practical and suitable types of steel box sections available in the market. Hot and cold rolled sheets are used to make them and they are available in the market with two general shapes of tubes or profiles. These sections are actually a steel frame and their inner part is empty, and that is exactly why they are called hollow or boxy sections. The application, consumption cases and consequently the volume of production of steel sections have increased a lot and this is only thanks to their flexibility, structural resistance and overall favorable characteristics. Hollow steel sections are very suitable and efficient in the field of construction and production of various industrial and commercial products.

Pipe :pipe (circular hollow sections) was the first example of hollow steel sections that was produced and used in the industry. As you know, the shape of the cross-section of the tube is circular without any angle or bend. Both oily and black sheets are used to make it. The circular shape and the integrated structure of the cross section have made these sections, even their very thin and delicate samples, benefit from good strength and resistance. The use of pipes is very different and diverse depending on their physical characteristics. Its thick and industrial samples are used as scaffolding, bridge foundations, fences, etc., but thinner samples are generally used to make consumer products such as furniture, tables and chairs, and even parts making.

Profile: Profile is a general word that includes several different examples of steel sections. Square hollow section, rectangular hollow section, and triangle hollow section are three examples of the most common shapes of profiles. and have rectangular profiles. The integrated shape of their cross-section makes it relatively easier to create a connection between different parts, especially with welding, and does not require preliminary preparations. Rectangular profiles, due to the fact that they have a different appearance than square-shaped samples, their application is also slightly different. Their delicate examples are often used decoratively. The angularity of the cross section and the unevenness of the sides make the manufacturer face more challenges when working with these sections. From cutting and welding, which requires a lot of precision and surface preparation, to stretching, under which each corner of the profile will have a different function. Triangular profiles are one of the most special shapes of profiles, which are mainly used in the field of decorative products. The limited use of these sections has made their variety in terms of dimensions and thickness much less compared to other profile shapes.

The cross-section of T-shape section is similar to T and various alloys such as steel and aluminum are used to make it. In the industry, they are more commonly known as shields and are among the common steel sections in Iran in the construction industry for making doors and windows, metal structures and steel sections for columns. These sections are produced by fabric or cold rolling method. During construction, it is very important to observe that the length of the base of the shield is twice the height. The weight table of the shield and the specifications of the steel sections (Stahl table) is generally very important because it determines the weight of these sections and their load bearing capacity. The weight of sections also affects their price and increases the importance of weight. The Stahl table is a standard that divides the shield into two groups, sharp edge and round edge, and based on this feature, it designs a special weight table for each.

The beam (I-shape section) has a cross section similar to I or H. They are generally used as beams or columns. The metal frame of steel structures is generally made of beams and columns. The horizontal and vertical bracing of these metal frames is very important and creates resistance against side loads. The body of the beam is made of two main parts called the wing and the body. John is the middle side of the beam and shows very good resistance to shear forces, thus preventing it from falling or breaking. The wing is the next two sides that are perpendicular to the middle side. The beam does not bend easily under pressure, and this feature has made it an efficient cross-section for building the column and skeleton of the structure. All I and H steel sections are similar and can be used interchangeably, although they are not exactly the same. Both of these sections have a body called John and two wings that are perpendicular to John.

Rebar is a type of standard steel section that It has a round but solid cross-section and is produced in different sizes in simple or ribbed form. Sometimes in the industry, the word reinforcement (reinforcement rebar) is used as an alternative to the word rebar, but in fact, these two words do not mean the same thing, and reinforcement is a modified form of rebar. The main application of these sections is in the field of strengthening concrete structures.

According to the specifications of steel sections, they can be divided into different categories.

< font face="vazir, sans-serif">Simple bars (A1)

They are sold in the form of branches or coils. This type of rebar is generally used to produce all kinds of machines, nails, bolts and nuts, and even its lower sizes for wire.

ribbed bars (A2-A3)

are among the rolled steel sections that have longitudinal or transverse ridges on their surface during rolling is created Ribbed rebar is often used to reinforce concrete, and based on the shape of the tread, they can be divided into three categories: trestle, spiral, and compound.

Four-sided is one of the types of steel sections that has a square cross-section that distinguishes it from other bar shapes and gives it certain advantages. These profiles have a significant strength that enables them to withstand harsh conditions easily. Flexibility is another main feature of these profiles. Their favorable malleability allows the four sides to adapt to different shapes and forms and create versatility in their applications. These profiles are also superior in welding capability. Thanks to the exceptional properties of the materials used, such as steel, aluminum, steel-carbon alloy, phosphorus-brass, and copper-beryllium, they can be connected seamlessly. This capability is very important during the construction and assembly of structures or precise components.