Centrifugal pump uses centrifugal force to pump fluids, that's why it is also called centrifugal pump.
Centrifugal pumps are widely used for various fluid transfer applications due to their simplicity and efficiency. They work on the principle of centrifugal force, which is the force that causes an object to move away from the center of rotation.
The main components of the centrifugal pump
A centrifugal pump consists of several key components including an impeller, casing or housing, inlet (suction) and outlet (discharge) connections, and sometimes a shaft with bearings and seals.
Butterfly:
Coverage:
The housing surrounds the impeller and is designed to guide the fluid flow. It has a spiral or diffuser shape that gradually expands in the direction of the discharge outlet.
Suction and discharge:
Fluid enters the pump through the suction valve. The impeller then imparts kinetic energy to the fluid and causes it to move radially outward. The fluid exits the pump through the discharge port.
Centrifugal force:
As the propeller rotates, it creates a high-speed rotational motion in the body. This movement creates a centrifugal force that pushes the fluid outward and away from the center of the impeller.
Pressure increase:
The kinetic energy of the fluid is converted to pressure energy, which moves through the expanding volute or diffuser in the body. This leads to an increase in fluid pressure, which allows the pump to overcome the resistance of the piping system and move the fluid to the desired location.
Continuous flow:
Centrifugal pumps are able to produce a continuous flow of fluid. The rotation of the impeller creates a low-pressure area in the center of the impeller, which draws more fluid into the pump through the suction port, ensuring continuous flow.
It is important to note that centrifugal pumps are designed to handle a wide range of fluids from water and oil to various chemicals. The specific design of the impeller, casing and other components can be customized to suit the characteristics of the pumped fluid.
The key advantages of the centrifugal pump are its simplicity, high flow rate and the need for relatively low maintenance. They are widely used in applications such as water supply, wastewater treatment, heating and cooling systems, and various industrial processes where fluid movement is essential.