Painting styles are the result of different and diverse views and worldviews of artists who have been visually identified throughout the history of art. In this article, we intend to get a brief introduction to the most important painting styles and the ideas of various artistic styles and display some of these paintings.
Real in the true sense and realism in the sense of truthfulness and verisimilitude is a kind of artistic trend that depicts objects and beings as they are, ugly as ugly and beautiful as beautiful. The realism painting style is the opposite of the romantic style. The attempt of the realist artist is to draw the selected subjects without stunts and demagoguery in the viewer's mind, and does not create unrealistic imaginations and slogans. The basis of their work is to look honestly and think honestly. The artist refrains from expressing feelings and does not interfere with his imagination and initiative in the way of implementing that subject, and every subject is displayed in the painting as it is seen in the outside world. This style of painting became popular in France in the middle of the 19th century. Among the famous artists who are the main representatives of realism, we can mention the great French painter Gustave Courbet and the Russian painter Ilyarpin. The main goal of Impressionism was to achieve a new naturalism based on the detailed analysis of colors. Impressionists wanted to show the play of light on objects, this method is based on showing the artist's direct perception of fleeting visions by using clots of decomposed and radiant colors to show the vibrations of sunlight. In this method, the scholastic principles of precise design, shading, lighting, balanced composition and architectural style are not observed. Impressionist artists for the first time removed dark colors such as black from their color palettes and obtained shades from the combination of the color of the object with its complementary color, for example, when the color of an object was yellow, they made its shade from the combination of purple and yellow. they did Also, in order to be able to show the games of light, they had to work at a faster speed, for this reason, the surface of their paintings usually had a rough texture and spots. The founders of this school were strengthened with the aim of violating official art. They refused to present shapes with clear contours and defied the painting routine to follow custom and nature. The use of pure and transparent colors with independent and somewhat fast strokes is one of the distinctive features of impressionism paintings. In other words, instead of a short brush dipped in pure and unmixed colors, painters use strokes instead of delicate combinations of "broken" colors. For example, instead of combining blue and yellow colors to produce green, they do not mix blue and yellow colors to produce green color in the eyes of the viewer. "Feeling" is placed on the canvas for the colors, prominent artists of this style can be introduced, Camille Pissarro, Édouard Manet, Gustave Caillebotte.
🔰 Romanticism 🔰
The term romanticism represents a way of thinking in which feelings and emotions play a major role. The romantic method, due to being tied to feelings and emotions, was based on knowledge that was free from any influence of tradition. The romantic artist sought to find a reality beyond tradition and rules and wanted to recognize the natural man who was hidden behind the man mask of the traditional society. The 18th century, which was the century of criticism and analysis, provided the intellectual ground for romanticism by allowing heated debates about good and bad. Romanticism was originally an artistic movement that grew in the late 18th and 19th centuries in literature and then visual arts, first in England, then in Germany, France and throughout Europe. Romanticism was somewhat against the aristocratic society and the Enlightenment (or better, rationalism). According to the romantic artist, a good work of art was not a work that had harmonious proportions and components, but a work that created pleasant emotions in the viewer. Among romantic companions, the special thing was more valuable than the general thing, and the specificity of local cultures, diversity and plurality of human languages, local identities and the uniqueness of people were praised. Delacroix and Géricault are two of the most famous artists of romanticism. , a great movement started against realism and impressionism, and slowly the heart of the school came out. Expressionism was a movement in literature that first flourished in Germany. The main goal of this school was to show the inner human being, especially emotions such as fear, hate, love and anxiety. In other words, expressionism is a new way of visual expression in which the artist uses strong colors, crooked shapes, and rough lines to induce his intense emotions. The formation period of this school was from around 1910 to 1935 AD, but in general, this method has been associated with visual arts since the distant past and has been manifested in various forms in different periods. For example, the Tabriz school in Iranian painting and the Song school in Chinese art are called expressionists in Iranian and Chinese art. Van Gogh is one of the famous painters of this style.
🔰 Cubism or Volumetricity 🔰
Cubism painting was based on the belief that the conventional methods and conventions of art, especially painting, have become incorrect and outdated, and therefore the generation of artists A young person must discover or invent a new means of visual expression. The Cubists did not represent the visible world in such a way that a landscape of objects could be visualized in a specific time and place. They had come to the conclusion that not only should you see things from all sides, but you should also break the outer shell and look inside. Representing the multifaceted reality of an object required that it be depicted from multiple viewing angles simultaneously, that is, all possible representations of the object should be visualized. But it was practically impossible to achieve this. Therefore, the most that the cubist artist could do was to induce a part of the infinite possibilities that were revealed in his vision. One of the main goals of Cubism was to present the concrete reality of everything without resorting to tricks and tricks. The Cubists disrupted the traditional linear perspective system that had dominated European painting since the Renaissance and gave the artist the right to view the same object from different points at the same time. Picasso and Braque were two of the most famous painters of this style. It is an art that does not believe in the content of the artwork and only emphasizes the aesthetic values of form and color. Accordingly, many decorative works of art fall into the category of abstract art. Recently, in the big cities of our country, irregular patterns and patterns can be seen on the walls and public places, which are often in the same style. No natural face or shape in the world can be identified in it, and it uses only allegorical and unnatural colors and forms to express its concepts. In its broad sense, this term can be applied to any type of art that does not represent recognizable objects and events. But it is generally referred to the creations of modern art that turn away from any imitation of nature or its simulation, to its conventional meaning in European art. One of the leaders of this branch in the modern era can be mentioned Vasili Kandiskii.
🔰 Fauvism 🔰
Fauvism is made from the combination of the word fou, which means wild animal, and the suffix ism, which means tendency. Fauvism changed the function of colors and is considered the first important movement in painting of the 20th century, which had a great impact on the artists of the next generations. Painting style based on the exaggerated use of unnatural and sharp colors, which is considered the first progressive movement of European art between the beginning of the 20th century and the beginning of the First World War. One of the most important achievements of Fauvists was the independence of color and form in their works. Among the artists of this style: Henri Matisse, "the leader of this style", Van Dongen, Marche, Duffy, Vlaminck, Deren, Roo, etc. can be mentioned.
