🟡 Traditional string mammap
A typical incandescent lamp consists of a glass bubble filled with an inert gas (argon) at low pressure. This group of lamps is the oldest and most abundant group of commercial lamps. The reason for their wide use is their high coloring, despite their very low optical and electrical efficiency. In some types of these lamps, in addition to argon, krypton is also used to increase the light output. Krypton lamps are much brighter than ordinary lamps and are usually used in the flash of cameras and car lights.
🟡 The filaments reflecting
The bulb of reflective incandescent lamps or lamps with directional flux has a special shape and is required according to the direction of the light flux. These bubbles are accompanied by polished and reflective metal layers. Also, aluminum metal is used in PAR56 (300 W) and PAR38 (100 and 150 W) rock lamps, and mercury is used in mercury bowl lamps (60, 75, 100, 150 and 200 W). >In terms of light angle, lamps with directional flux are divided into three categories, 9-15 degrees (narrow point), 11-25 degrees (medium flux) and 16-40 degrees (wide flux).
🟡 Halogeny
Halogen lamp is another group of incandescent lamps that entered the market since 1960. The main difference between these lamps and the normal filament type is that in addition to inert gas, a halogen element such as bromine or iodine is used. Due to the elimination of the problem of tungsten evaporation in conventional lamps, this issue increases the light output of the lamp by about two times (up to 30 lumens/watt) and the life of the lamp has increased up to 300 hours due to the resistance of the filament. These lamps have the closest light flux and light spectrum to sunlight and are designed to last a long time. Their standard type is usually 12 volts and 50 watts.
Halogen lamps are divided into two main voltage and low voltage categories in terms of voltage level. The main voltage lamps are connected directly to the 220V grid without the need for an additional circuit, but the low voltage lamps are connected to the 12V voltage. So they need a magnetic or electric transformer. Two types of halogen lamps have found more use; One is known as a pencil lamp, which is used in spotlights, and the other is a dichroic lamp (two colors), which is used as a built-in lamp in shelves and corridors. A significant part of the energy output from halogen lamps It is lost as infrared radiation. The reflective glass of the dichroic halogen lamp does not pass the infrared light and reflects it again to the filament. As a result, the heat loss inside the bulb of the lamp is greatly reduced.