Turbo charging was invented with the aim of designing lighter yet more powerful engines with higher efficiency. The turbine installed between the smoke outlet and the air inlet takes its power from the smoke coming out of the smoke manifold and somehow makes fuel consumption more efficient.
One of the solutions used by automobile companies to compensate for the lack of air in the cylinder at high revs in order to increase power and power was to increase the volume of the engine, but the increase in the volume of the engine had consequences that were the most important. They can be mentioned as increasing fuel consumption and increasing emissions, on the other hand, one of the disadvantages of engines with high volumes is their low efficiency, in addition to this, the increase in fuel prices and the creation of strict rules to prevent emissions made car manufacturers think Invent another solution.
In 1885, a German engineer named Gottlieb Daimler proposed an idea to strengthen combustion engines; He intended to use a mechanical structure to compress the air and inject it into the cylinder of the car. After several years of this idea, Alfred Bucci, a Swiss mechanical engineer, invented a system called a turbocharger in 1900. The device made by him consisted of a spiral manifold, inside which a turbine was placed, which was rotated by connecting to the exhaust outlet and using the gases of that turbine, and with an action similar to a compressor, the compressed air entering the cylinder would increase.
What is the role of the wave rod in the car?
After several years have passed since the beginning of using turbocharger technology in the aviation industry, this technology entered the world of automobiles, and in the 50s, several companies tried to use turbochargers in their cars, which were successful. It was not completed because this system caused many problems that finally General Motors Company was able to fix some of the problems of this system and for the first time in 1962 introduced the first car equipped with a turbocharged engine.
turbocharger (TurboCharger) works?
is equivalent to the name turbocharged in Farsi Persian, which was invented with the aim of designing lighter engines with less volume and at the same time more powerful and with higher efficiency. Consider a car in fourth gear moving on a flat road at a speed of about 70 km/h; The engine speed in this condition is around 2000 rpm and in this condition the crankshaft rotates around 34 revolutions per second. Since we are talking about four-stroke engines and the rotation of the valve shaft is half the rotation of the crankshaft, or in other words, the rotation speed of the valve shaft is half the rotation speed of the crankshaft, so the smoke valve opens and closes about 17 times per second. . Considering that the air enters the cylinder due to the relative vacuum caused by the lowering of the piston in the cylinder, the efficiency of the engine is suitable because the air enters the cylinder in the right amount.
Now, if the driver wants to increase the speed of the car, he must press the gas pedal, if the engine speed increases to about 4500 rpm, the crankshaft will rotate 75 revolutions per second, in this case the air valve is about 38 The load opens and closes every second, in this case, the opening and closing speed of the air valves is so high that the air cannot enter the cylinder in the required amount, and in this case, the engine efficiency is greatly reduced. . In other words, the problem that reduces the efficiency of the engine in this cycle is the reduction of the volume of air entering the cylinder; In fact, by increasing the fuel pressure and increasing the fuel injection time, more fuel can be injected into the cylinder, but increasing the amount of air entering the cylinder is a very difficult task.
The turbocharger system actually does this. And the air, in addition to entering the cylinder due to the relative vacuum, is also injected into the cylinder by the turbocharger system, and as shown by the numbers, this work only needs to be done at high revs; In other words, the turbocharger system is not used at low revs, but at high revs.