Types of elevators

This group of elevators moves with the help of the driving force provided by an electric motor. The electric motor of traction elevators is placed at the top of the elevator shaft. In buildings with central air conditioning, the electric motor is installed in the engine room. To transfer power and move the elevator cabin, a number of cables called towing wires are used.
The towing wires are connected to the elevator cabin on one side and to the elevator weights, which are located in a metal frame called the weight frame, on the other side. Weights are used to balance the elevator and prevent it from being unbalanced. Weights are also made of metal materials such as cast iron or materials such as concrete. In order for the weights to maintain balance in the elevator cabin, they must have a lot of weight.

Usually, in buildings with less than five floors, this category of elevators can be used. In these elevators, a three-phase motor immersed in oil along with a special electric valve, which is called a power unit, is responsible for providing oil pressure. They have a hydraulic jack. Also, to start the movement, there is a need to operate a hydraulic motor pump to start a starter or drive. But this engine and pressure are only needed for upward movement and there is no need to turn on the engine and use power to move the cabin downwards, and the cabin jack slowly moves downwards just by opening a valve and emptying the oil. In fact, the force of gravity is used to lower the cabin of the hydraulic elevator.

In the shaft of these elevators, instead of placing the elevator rail in the walls, a magnetic magnet is used. In the floor of the elevator, there is a magnetic magnet with the opposite pole of the magnet located in the walls. By connecting the electricity, the thrust force causes the elevator to rise.
Magnetic is not used in any way from the towing wire and electric motor. Theoretically, it is even possible to move the elevators horizontally with the help of the above mechanism. In fact, the invention of this category of elevators, despite their relatively simple construction, is considered as a major development in the field of elevator construction. The only factor limiting the use of these elevators is the very high initial cost imposed on the manufacturer. Even in terms of safety, it has a much better capability compared to other types of elevators.

Screw elevators can be installed and operated with both three-phase and single-phase electricity. The structure of the driving part of this category of elevators consists of a long screw, nut and belt, which are moved with the help of an electric motor. The safety and reliability factor of screw elevators is also very high, and in cases where these elevators have been used, there have been no reports of the elevator cabin falling. This is due to the fact that the mechanism of this elevator is normally without movement and lock, and the belt is the only moving factor, and if the belt breaks, the elevator stops working. The motor of these elevators has small dimensions and weight, and there is no need to consider space There is no engine room to place the engine; Because it is mounted on the body of the elevator cabin. This category of elevators can also be used to move a large number of people.