Diesel generator components

☑️ In general, diesel generator consists of five main sections:

Diesel engine

control system

power transmission system

Chassis

☑️ Diesel engine

Diesel engine is a machine whose task is to convert the chemical energy contained in the fuel (diesel) into mechanical energy. The energy that is released in the cylinder chamber and in the combustion process causes the engine crankshaft to move, and this movement eventually causes the engine flywheel to rotate, which is our desired rotation, and in the next step, this mechanical energy is converted into electric current. to be The diesel engine used in the power generator has at least one fundamental difference compared to the diesel engines used in automobiles, and that is the engine speed. In car engines, the engine speed is variable, and usually the control of the engine speed is at the disposal of the operator or the driver, who controls it with the help of the engine gas depending on the conditions. Usually, the speed of car engines varies from 1000 to 8000 revolutions per minute (rpm). However, the power generating motor has a constant speed and the fluctuation of the motor speed causes fluctuation in the frequency and voltage of the output current, which is usually not desirable.

☑️ Rounds of power generating engines

Usually, the speed of diesel engines is kept constant at 1500 rpm. The result of this constant cycle is the production of electricity with a frequency of 50 Hz and a voltage of 380 V, three phases and 230 V, single phase. If we divide the engine speed (number 1500) by the frequency, we get the number 30: 30 = 50 / 1500 This number means that for every 30 revolutions of the engine per minute, the frequency of the electric current is shifted by 1 Hz. That is, if the speed of the diesel engine changes from 1500 to 1530 rpm, the frequency of the output current will change from 50 Hz to 51 Hz. In cases where electricity with a frequency of 60 Hz is needed, the speed of the diesel engine can be set to 1800 rpm. The result will be the output of electric current with a frequency of 60 Hz and a voltage of 440 volts. Some machines imported from the United States of America and Saudi Arabia require a 60 Hz power supply. According to the process described above, it is possible to supply electricity with a frequency of 60 Hz from a normal generator.

☑️ Generator

A generator or generator, which is commonly called a dynamo, is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The simplest type of generator that many men have in mind is the bicycle dynamo. A very small dynamo the size of a closed fist is used to light the bicycle lamp. When needed, it attaches to the bicycle wheel and its axis rotates with the movement of the wheel and generates electricity. In the electricity generator, the axis of the generator rotates and produces electricity. The task of turning the dynamo shaft is the responsibility of the diesel engine. During the diesel generator coupling, the engine flywheel, which is screwed to the end of the engine crankshaft, is connected to the generator shaft, which is equipped with a round plate, and the mechanical power of the engine is transferred to the generator. The output voltage of the generator is generally a function of the engine speed. But the generator voltage is controlled by a part called AVR, which stands for Automatic Voltage Regulator. In cases where the output current voltage of the diesel generator is fluctuating, if the speed of the diesel engine is constant, the first look should be towards the AVR test. Generator efficiency is a function of ambient temperature. Generators are usually made in two thermal classes: 27 and 40 degrees. These numbers indicate the desired ambient temperature of the generator, and after this temperature, the power of the generator starts to drop. Of course, the working life of the generator is also effective in reducing its efficiency, which will be discussed in detail in another category in the discussion of reducing the efficiency of the diesel generator.

☑️ Control system

The diesel generator control system is responsible for controlling the operation of the generator. Turning on the diesel generator, turning it off, remote control and protection of the generator. Diesel generator control system is usually equipped with an electronic board. The electronic board used in the diesel generator is usually very diverse. The control system can be simple and advanced. The simple model is only responsible for displaying the parameters of the engine, generator, method control and shutdown of the power generator. The advanced model is capable of synchronizing the electric current of the diesel generator with the rest of the current sources and is responsible for remote control. In the power generators manufactured by Tiara Generators, according to the type of use of the diesel generator, the appropriate electronic board is selected and installed on it.

☑️ Power transmission system

The diesel generator power cables that are connected to the generator coil include three phase cables and one neutral cable on the top of the generator and inside the generator box on the generator shunt. Four cables (four copper busbars in high power generators) are responsible for transferring power from the generator to the power switch. The power switch (MCCB) is installed on the generator body and usually on the right side. The capacity of the power switch is a function of the power of the generator, which is selected and installed based on the standards of the electrical publication. The most important task of the power switch is to direct and control the output current from the generator and prevent the return of the electric current to the generator. The power switch usually has three modes: off, on and trip. If the current consumption of the circuit exceeds a certain limit, the power switch changes to the trip mode by cutting off the current and prevents excess current from the generator and prevents damage to the generator coil. Therefore, in the case that your diesel generator is on but there is no output current, the first look goes to the power switch to check that it is not in the off or trip mode. To use the diesel generator again, the power switch must be removed from the trip mode and placed in the on (open) mode.

☑️ Diesel Generator chassis

Diesel generator chassis is a metal base whose task is to maintain the diesel generator. The diameter of the metal sheets used in the chassis of the diesel generator is a function of the weight of the diesel generator, which itself is a function of the output power of the diesel generator. Usually, in power generators with an output power of less than 800 kava, a daily fuel tank is installed inside the chassis of the diesel generator. The capacity of the tank should be such that it provides the amount of fuel required by the diesel engine for one working shift (usually 8 working hours). Considering that all rotating machines, including diesel generators, have a relatively large vibration during operation. To prevent the transmission of diesel generator vibration to the chassis, shock absorbers are installed at the connection points between the diesel generator and the chassis. The use of a suitable and of course high-quality shock absorber has a great role in reducing the vibration of the diesel generator during work. Usually, the term engine handle, which is more common among car accessories and is the same as the shock absorbers related to the car engine, is also referred to the diesel generator shock absorbers.

☑️ Diesel generator side components

In addition to the main components of the diesel generator described in the above sections, the diesel generator also has additional components as follows:< /span>

☑️ Battery

diesel generator battery that is usually in The special battery rack is installed on the chassis of the diesel generator, it includes one, two or four battery devices, which is definitely responsible for supplying the starting power of the engine. The capacity of the diesel generator battery, which is measured based on ampere-hours, is a function of the engine power and the power required to start the engine.

While the number of batteries required by the diesel generator is a function of the starting voltage of the diesel engine, which is Paying attention to the fact that all batteries are made and provided in 12V voltage, the number of batteries is one for 12V starters, two for 24V starters and four for 48V starters.

The capacity of batteries usually varies from 55 amps in small power generators (less than 50 kava) to 300 amps in very large diesel generators (more than 1000 kava). The capacity of the batteries should usually be selected in such a way that it has the power required for 6 consecutive starts of the diesel generator.

< font color="#000000" face="IranSans, sans-serif">In emergency power generators, the number of starters allowed to turn on the diesel generator is defined as 6 starters. If the diesel generator does not turn on after six starts, an error message will appear on the device's control board monitor and the start operation will stop.

The batteries used in Tiara power generators are selected according to relevant standards. and they are installed and they are generally made in-house and depending on the battery manufacturer, they have a 6 to 12 month replacement warranty.

☑️ Water heater

Diesel generator water heater is responsible for keeping diesel engine water warm. Water heaters are usually used in diesel generators that have emergency applications. In cases where the diesel generator is installed in cold or very cold areas, the warm water in the engine causes the diesel generator to turn on faster. According to the combustion system of diesel engines, the presence of hot air inside the combustion chamber of the cylinder is necessary. In cases where the power generator is not equipped with a water heater, in case of extreme cold weather, the power generator will be turned on with great difficulty or will not happen at all. As explained in the battery discussion, after six starts, if the diesel generator does not turn on, the starting operation will stop. Therefore, it is very important that the conditions of the diesel generator room and the device itself are such that the diesel engine can be started with a maximum of six starters. Tiara diesel generator water heater is not included in the price package and its preparation requires paying a separate fee, but if the project requires it, it is definitely recommended to the buyer.