What is the press?
Pressing is a process in which the piece is transformed into the desired shape using force and pressure. In other words, metals are under pressure in the pressing process for better shaping. This process can be done with press machines or manually.
Press machine
A press machine is a device that performs operations such as cutting, bending, stretching, forming, etc. without chipping in order to change the shape of metals. This device uses pressure during the product manufacturing process to cut or shape materials. Press machines are divided into different types according to the supply of pressure force. Among the types of pressing methods, we can name manual, pneumatic, hydraulic and mechanical force. The press machine performs the pressing operation in 3 ways: manual, automatic and semi-automatic.
Pressure process
As mentioned, metals are pressed into certain shapes in the forging process. In this regard, the metal sheet with a smooth and uniform surface is transferred into the press machine and after applying a certain pressure on it, it is shaped into a mold or other shapes. After finishing the pressing and forming of the metal, it is better to perform various processes on it. Suitable processing operations for metals include bending if needed, abrasion of the metal surface, knocking its different parts and washing to remove impurities. In general, the pressing process and subsequent operations are not particularly complicated; To perform this process, one must have the necessary experience and skill to maintain and even improve the quality of the final product.
Pressing tools and equipment
First, high-quality raw materials must be used in the manufacture of tools and press equipment; Because they withstand a lot of pressure and should be able to easily produce small and large metal products. Usually, pressing equipment is made with metal and alloy materials to have high resistance. The press parts in the devices are usually made of stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, aluminum alloy, beryllium, brass and superalloys. These materials have excellent mechanical and physical characteristics, and with their help, they can produce the best tools and equipment needed for pressing. In general, metals are formed with high-quality press machines and then they are provided to manufacturers in other industries.
Pressure methods
◼️ Manual presses In this type of presses, the power of the worker's hands or feet is usually used. ◼️ Pneumatic presses In this type of presses, power is supplied by compressed air. ◼️ hydraulic press In the hydraulic press, the power is provided by oil pressure or water pressure. ◼️ Mechanical presses These presses are driven by the power of the engine and sometimes they may have a driving wheel and a single-stage gear reduction mechanism or a multi-stage reduction mechanism.
Importance
The importance of pressing operations and putting metals under pressure can be understood with a simple look at metal tools and products in today's modern society. Most of what is used in today's society, including bicycle parts, airplane parts, cans, electronic equipment manufacturing industries, medical equipment manufacturing industries and metal parts manufacturing, springs, washers, weights, etc., are all produced by the pressing industry. Metal pressing is so important that it has become a separate branch in engineering science. All alloys of copper, aluminum, steel and even more expensive metals such as platinum and gold can be turned into different shapes with a metal press machine. With this technology, a lot of pressure is removed from the industry and it is possible to innovate and design metal parts. In fact, this industry has provided many benefits for ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Many industries depend on this technology and therefore it is expected to be one of the most popular and widely used industrial methods in metal forming.
