Car electrical parts can be divided into two categories; Parts that consume electricity, such as injectors or car computers, and parts that play the role of supplying electricity to the car.
Battery
About the importance of this part in the car's power supply system, it is enough that if there is no battery, the car will not turn on. This means that cars need electric energy from batteries for the initial start. When the car is on, the batteries are charged. Batteries usually need to be replaced after 2 years, although excessive heat and vibration can reduce their useful life. Today, two types of batteries are used in most cars; "Wet or lead acid batteries" and "Atomic or dry batteries". There are different types of batteries in terms of electric power, but they are usually used in passenger cars of 12 volts and 60 amps.
Dynamic
Car engine can produce mechanical energy with the help of fuel. A piece that can convert this energy into electrical energy like a generator is called dynamo. Of course, the name of this part in new cars is "alternator". In fact, this part receives the mechanical energy of the engine with the help of a belt called dynamo belt and supplies the electricity needed by different parts of the car. Alternators usually produce 12V electricity, but in some cars this number may be different. The power source or the battery is charged by this part when the car is on. Therefore, if the alternator is broken, you have to wait for your battery to run out. One of the dynamo parts that should be visited every once in a while is the belt that mediates between the engine and the dynamo. As soon as you see a small tear and damage in this belt, you should replace it.
Coil
As we said, the electricity in the battery and also the electricity produced in the alternator or alternator is 12 volts. This voltage is not able to create a spark by candles. In fact, the candle needs 7000 volts of electricity to create a spark. This is where the role of the coil begins in the car's electrical system.
The coil is a high pressure transformer that amplifies the battery and alternator power and delivers it to the spark plug. In a simple form, the coil consists of two primary and secondary coils that operate based on the law of electromagnetic induction in physics. If your car doesn't start one day or the engine is running badly with vibration, it could be because of the coil failure. Ripping the engine and increasing fuel consumption of the car can also be counted among the signs of a broken coil.
Delco
Cars have spark plugs according to the number of their engine cylinders. That is, a four-cylinder engine has 4 spark plugs to create spark and ignition in the engine. The part that divides the high voltage electricity produced in the coil between the candles is called delco. At the same time, disconnecting and connecting the current of the coil is another task of Delco in the power supply system. Delco's distribution of power between the spark plugs creates this arrangement. It is not bad to know that in new and modern power supply systems, the Delco part is removed and combined with the coil.
Candles
The combination of fuel and air in the cylinder of the car engine needs a spark for ignition. The role of candles is exactly to create a spark. This part receives the output voltage from the coil and by creating a spark and ignition in the engine, it moves the pistons in the cylinder.
In fact, the spark plug is the last part in the ignition circuit of the car's power supply system. The time and quality of the spark plugs are very important in the good performance of the engine. Professional mechanics recommend that you clean the spark plugs every 8 to 10 thousand kilometers and replace them every 16 to 20 thousand kilometers. Certainly, the quality of the candles available in the spare parts market is different from each other. The advice of experts is to use good brands of this important part in engine performance. Of course, there are different types of candles, the most important of which are hot candles, cold candles, nickel candles, iridium candles, platinum candles, and multi-electrode candles.
Wireless wires
The electricity produced by the alternator and the battery from the coil side have a very high voltage. Well, the transmission of this high voltage electricity from the coil to the Delco and from the Delco to the spark plugs requires special high voltage wires, which are called "spark plug wires". As much as these wires with plastic insulation are of better quality, they deliver high voltage current to the candles with the least energy loss and in the fastest possible time. One of the parts that mechanics emphasize on its periodic visit is the spark plug wire. The only case of wire spark plug failure is damage to their insulating layer. If this spark plug wire is damaged, it will cause bad engine performance and increase fuel consumption. If the car's fuel system leaks at the same time as these wires fail, it can cause a fire in the car. Another common occurrence with spark plug wires is their loosening at the connection to the spark plug or coil. In this case, the car won't start at all, because there is no ignition in the engine. It's good to know that in new car electrical systems, the coil is directly connected to the spark plug and these spark plug wires have been removed.
Power wires and distributors
One of the most used devices in any car is wire. Yes, a set of different wires in cars are responsible for transmitting electricity to electrical components. All the wires of the various circuits of the car's electrical system are coated. The switches and controllers are located at different points along the path of these wires, and most of them also pass through the fuse box. The number of these wires is so large that if they are left in the car, they will be everywhere in the car. Several strands of wire can be seen. For this reason, car designers try to organize these wires as much as possible. For example, they put the wires in the same channel or make them in the form of a coil so that they are less noticeable.
Fuses
Inside all fuses are several strands of thin wire that cannot carry very high current. If more than usual current enters the fuse, these thin wires will be cut and the fuse will burn. The same failure of fuses can save a car from serious damage in various circuits of the power supply system. In fact, car designers place these fuses in the path of all electrical circuits of the car. If for any reason there is a connection in the wiring of different parts of the car and the electric current becomes more than normal, these fuses will burn immediately and the electric current will be cut off so as not to damage the main parts. Normally, all cars have a box. There is a fuse in which all the fuses of different circuits are placed. This fuse box is in some cars inside the cabin and in some in the engine. Usually, a few spare fuses are kept in the fuse box so that if one of the fuses is damaged, they can be replaced. Fuses with different colors and capacities are placed in the fuse box. The written number of the fuses indicates their capacity based on the amperage capability.
Controllers
The battery is constantly supplying electricity when the car is off and the alternator when it is on. But do different car parts always need this electricity? Well, the answer is definitely negative. For example, the lights of the cars should not always be on, or the snow blower should only be used when it is snowing or raining. Well, this is exactly where the foot of the controllers opens to the car's power supply system.
These controllers are actually keys and buttons that are placed in different parts of the car's electrical circuits. Some switches only turn on and off the current, and others increase and decrease the speed and intensity of the current. In fact, this controller helps the driver and passengers of the car to control the parts of the car that work with electricity.
Sockets
Some parts of cars seem unimportant on the surface, but when these parts are broken and the car is out of service with all its greatness, their importance becomes clear. Among these seemingly insignificant parts, but very useful and important in the car's power supply system, are sockets. Professionals also call these sockets connectors.
The job of sockets is to connect the wires of different circuits to the parts that consume electricity in the car. They help wires to be easily attached or detached from these parts. There are different types of sockets based on how many wires go into them. There is a possibility that these sockets or connectors are damaged. Sometimes we think that the part that consumes the car's electricity is broken, but by replacing the socket of this part, we realize that the problem was only in this part.
