The earth is full of various wonders and beauties; Some of these wonders are inside the earth and the other part can be seen on the earth. Most of the elements are molten in the earth's core, which reach the earth's surface through volcanoes and solidify due to proximity to oxygen and air flow. Some of these elements, like metals such as: iron, copper, gold, silver, etc., have the ability to remelt; But some other elements, which are trapped in the earth's cavities and form crystals due to internal heat and high pressure, are solidified by magma and turn into rocks. These stones, with the combination of other elements such as sulfur, aluminum, magnesium, chrome, and of course the presence of silicon element, come in very beautiful and attractive shapes and colors, which have attracted the attention of people as ornamental stones, and for this reason, they are valuable. p>
By nature, any high price is not without reason and the price of any mineral depends on its characteristics. Stones become valuable due to having different characteristics, and the more attractive these characteristics are, naturally, the more precious the stone will be. The most important factors for grading a stone include the following:
1. Hardness percentage
2. Transparency percentage
3. Purity percentage or number of elements
4. Dispersion percentage
> 5. Color purity
Types of precious stones
Diamond
Diamond is one of the most expensive and rare stones that is formed by the compression of carbon over millions of years. This stone is often found in coal mines.
Coal is normally ignited. This means that it has already been stimulated and the diamond is a molten and crystallized piece of the carbon element that melts due to this heat and then becomes cohesive due to pressure and forms crystalline grains as a single element. For this reason, it has high impact resistance; So that its hardness is 10 and in this sense, it ranks first among precious stones. It is also considered a type of semiconductor that is used in some electronic and space products. Diamond stone is originally colorless, but if it is formed in environments with other elements, it can be found in blue, brown and black colors. It is not available to industrial producers, and it is mostly a jewelry aspect that will take on more brilliance due to special cuts.
Emerald
Emerald is a type of beryl that was first mined in Egypt. Emerald is known as a green gem whose color range is from green to bluish green. The color of emerald depends on the amount of vanadium and chromium in it, and its main element is magnesium. An emerald that is deep green, transparent and without impurities, has more ivoline, which separates it from quartz stones and makes it close to diamond. This type of emerald is rare and has a hardness of 8, which is why it has a higher price. Green is the color of spirituality and nature, that's why the emerald ring has many fans.
Ruby
is one of the most popular stones in the world, whose red color has been very popular among kings. This stone is made of a combination of aluminum oxide and oxygen atoms. The composition of chromium causes redness and sodium sulfate causes ruby green. Most rubies in Asia are found in the south-central regions.
Lapis lazuli )
The black colors of this stone were discovered in Greece. For this reason, it was not welcomed, but in the Middle East after Islam, it was recommended by the Prophet and imams as the best stone on men's rings, and since then, the agate ring has gained special popularity in Islamic and Muslim societies.
