The principles of building electrical installations
The design of electrical installations includes various parts, including the design of lighting systems, elevators and escalators, lightning arrester systems, warning systems, design of risers and signs, etc. The design of the electrical installation serves as the main plan of the building and it cannot be implemented without an authoritative plan.
نظارت بر اجرای تاسیسات برقی ساختمان
In all projects that reach the implementation stage, the existence of a monitoring team is necessary to control the situation and progress of the project. Due to the sensitivity of the building's electrical installations, proper implementation by an experienced team and compliance with electrical safety points is vital. The presence of a supervising engineer in the executive team is essential for the implementation of electrical installations without problems and with quality.
Electrical installations have a special place in civil engineering, in such a way that if this section is removed from civil projects, construction work will be useless. Without electrical installations of the building, it is not possible to use electrical devices for comfort and well-being, and life without lighting is not possible.
The stages of installing the pipes and cans
The stage of installing pipes and switch boxes includes creating a groove on the walls for installing the switch box and sockets and electrical pipes. At this stage, the surface of the wall that is going to be plastered, after the chrome stage, the key box is first marked in the places that have been determined by the laser level or the hose level, and taking into account the standard distance from the edge of the walls and windows, it is installed. After the electric pipes are placed in the dug grooves, they are tied to the wall by galvanized wire so that they do not move and are fixed in place. At this stage, all boxes related to switches and sockets, distribution boxes and plastic tubes related to electric wires are closed.
Important points about plumbing and installing cans and sockets
Electrical pipes should be installed in places where the risk of encountering them is almost zero.
Piping should be done with minimal waste and minimal consumption of pipes and electric wires.
In the areas where the electrical elbow is used, connect the pipes with glue in a strong way to minimize its vulnerability.
When piping for the building's electricity, pay attention to the dimensions of the holes and cavities created in the walls to pass tools such as drills. The dimensions of these holes should not be too large so as not to damage the beauty of the building.
Use modern and high-quality equipment when laying pipes to achieve the required quality.
Electrical piping holes should be at least 30 cm away from sewer pipe holes.
The electrical piping stage should be done after plastering the building and then the key boxes are placed in their places so that they don't sink into the wall, then the switches and sockets are firmly placed inside the boxes so that users can use them easily.
For electrical piping, use a milling machine to create thin lines to accommodate narrow pipes.
لولههای استفاده شده در لولهکشی برق ساختمان
Plastic hose pipes
Hard plastic or PVC pipes
Polyethylene pipes
Wiring and cabling
Building wiring is carried out in two ways, built-in and facing, depending on the application and type of building. In facade wiring, the wires are passed over the plaster, and to preserve the beauty, a special type of electric pipe is stretched over the wires. This method is easier to diagnose if there is a problem with the wiring. In the facade method, due to maintaining the beauty of the building and increasing safety, it is more popular and widely used in all types of residential and commercial buildings. In the embedded method, the wires are passed under the plaster. The electrical installation designer must specify the type of wire, its insulation type, the type of conductor, its structure, and the cross section of the conductor based on the type of application. In this regard, among the metals used in the building, copper is one of the most common and desirable choices due to its high purity of 99.5%, low electrical resistance, resistance to atmospheric effects, and high mechanical strength. /p>
نصب تجهیزات برقی و روشنایی ها
The final stage in the implementation of the building's electrical installations is the installation of electrical and lighting equipment. Every type of building, from commercial to residential to hospitals, needs electrical installations that include elevators, air conditioners, escalators, remote doors, indoor and outdoor lighting systems, and other related equipment.
In order for all electrical equipment installation services to be performed by professionals in this field, working with electricity and electrical equipment as a risky job requires attention and precision. The installation of electrical equipment and building lighting includes important points and principles that only experts in this field with full knowledge of these points and principles can follow.
