Dynamo (Alternator) or generator is the car's power generator, which is responsible for charging the car's battery, and if the alternator fails, the car's battery will run out within one to two hours.
And you will have problems. In simpler words, after the car is turned on, the dynamo is responsible for supplying electricity to all the components of the car.
The reason for replacing direct current dynamos to alternators
If we want to talk about the disadvantages of direct current dynamos, it is that these dynamos are not able to charge the battery at low engine speeds. And the car's alternator can't supply the car's electricity properly, nowadays there are more electric consumers in the car; Traffic in cities causes the engine of a car to run for a long time and in this case, the dynamo speed is low. Under these conditions, the direct current dynamo cannot be the answer to charging the battery. And that is why the direct current dynamo has been replaced by alternator dynamo. And, the working basis of alternator dynamos is the same as that of direct current dynamos.
Alternator dynamos work by cutting the lines of magnetic force of the induced current, but with the difference that in direct current dynamos, the magnets are attached to the body of the dynamo. The screw was fixed and the current generation coils moved inside the magnetic field, while in the alternator dynamo, the magnet is rotating and the current generation coils are fixed. The rotating magnet is called the rotor and the fixed coil is called the stator
Alternator components of the car and its parts and structure
Alternator parts include important components, each of which has a great impact on its operation. To learn how a car dynamo works, you must first know its components.
-A fixed set of coils called a stator
-A moving electric coil called a rotor Name
-Automat (regulator)
-A voltage changer (diode)
-A number of brushes to maintain the electrical connection with the motor
Stator
The stator or cushion is one of the main parts of the car dynamo, which consists of a core and a coil. The stator core has several layers, which are made of grooved rings. A thin iron frame is made with special insulation. Usually, a number of special iron rings for the stator, which have a very thin layer of special insulation, are mounted on each other by special rivets or spikes, and the main core of the stator or cushion They make up the dynamo. The stator of the dynamo has a compound winding that consists of several coils or coils that are placed on the special grooves of the stator core. The number of winding bundles, the diameter and type of wire and the number of winding turns in each bundle or loop of the stator winding in different dynamos are very different and decisive. The winding bundles are usually connected at three or four points, which is called the head.
Machine stator
The stator is placed in the external environment of the dynamo. and with the rotation of the rotor in the center of the stator, the passage of the magnetic lines of the armature between the stator coils causes the electron to move in the coils and the electric potential difference between the connection points of the coils which are the output of the stator. The electric current produced in the stator, which exists in the form of a phase difference between the output connections of the stator, is alternating, the frequency of which depends on the rotation of the armature.
Armature
The armature coil is surrounded by an iron core of two or more pieces that are placed together in the form of V-shaped pieces. The task of the armature is to produce the magnetic force of the dynamo. The magnetic force of the armature is produced by the movement of the electric current of the car battery in the armature coil,
the rotation of the armature causes the magnetic lines of the armature to pass through the coils of the stator or the dynamo cushion and the electric current in the coils of the cushion to It moves.
Aftamat dynamo (regulator)
The regulator in the dynamo is also called aftamat. Its function in the dynamo is to control the input electric current of the armature. Since the amount of electric power produced in the stator is dependent on the magnetic force of the armature, the alternator directly affects the output power of the dynamo by controlling the input current of the armature. In this way, the dynamo alternator always monitors the dynamo's output power.
Rectifier unit (dynamo diode)
The dynamo rectifier unit is also called dynamo diode by repairmen. They say, it is one of the parts of the dynamo. The electric current produced in the stator of the dynamo is in the form of several alternating phases or AC, which has a variable frequency due to the change in the engine speed. The stator enters the diodes of the rectifier unit and is converted into DC current. Usually, several diode bridges are used for current rectification, the number of diodes depends on the number of stator outputs. The diodes that make up the rectifier unit produce a lot of heat due to passing high current, and for this reason, they are installed on aluminum cooling plates, which are called heat sinks. The number of diodes in the rectifier unit is very different in different old and new cars, which consists of at least one diode bridge with four diodes.
Factors and causes of car alternator failure
Alternator failure or burning is one of the most common car electrical problems. When the alternator breaks down, the car will stop moving after a short period of time, because continuing to move requires electricity to reach different parts of the engine, including spark plugs. Most of the failures of the alternators are related to the burning of the diode or the winding of the armature or the stator.
Considering that the alternator is connected to the circuit of the motor rotation by a belt, it should be visited regularly and if there is a tear In the belt, a new belt should be replaced immediately.
Also, in the hot seasons of the year, which causes the engine temperature to rise and the secondary fan to rotate at the maximum speed, and also due to the constant running of the car cooler, more pressure enters the alternator and the possibility of its failure also increases. Using the car cooler and setting the cooler fan speed to the maximum speed and heavy traffic in the cities reduces the speed of the car and as a result reduces the engine speed, which results in lower production power. Electricity becomes a dynamo.