Ceramics and tiles are products whose main ingredients are clay or pottery. Ceramic tiles are used to cover the surfaces of sanitary places, both at home and in administrative centers and hospitals. The diversity of gender and color in tiles has caused the use of ceramic tiles in different sectors day by day. The degree of strength in tiles and ceramics is varied, therefore, each type of tile can be used in its own environment. To buy all kinds of tiles, visit Kashiran online store.
Tile raw materials
The tile in general and standard state has two parts, which are described below:
1- The main body of the tile, which is the same piece of clay, and it is referred to as the skeleton of the tile because the original The tile is the same part. 2- The glaze and appearance on the tile, which is used for beautification, etc., is a material made of glass, and this glass is composed of materials such as glass and some metal oxides and minerals.
Tile is classified into different types. The most important factor to distinguish between types of tiles is to use or not to use tile glaze. Permeability and permeability in the ceramic tile in the second stage has an effect on the classification of the ceramic tile. The type of color used to decorate the tile can be included in the original texture of the tile. The type of color used can be of different types, for example, clay or pigments, these colors are part of natural colors and are added to the clay before it is baked, and sometimes it is added to the body after baking. After adding the appropriate coloring as a glaze on the tile, it is re-entered in the furnace. Therefore, glazed tiles have more variety of colors than unglazed tiles.
Types of tiles according to the application
1) Floor tiles: There are tiles that are used to cover the floor of the building. Floor tiles should have relatively higher strength than wall tiles, the reason being that floor tiles have high friction in the vicinity, so it should be durable against wear and tear and its water permeability is relatively high. be down This is because these tiles are kilned at a higher temperature than wall tiles. In addition, floor tiles are thicker than wall tiles.
2) Wall tiles: As mentioned, the oven temperature for baking these types of tiles is lower than the floor. Therefore, the amount of water absorption in them is relatively higher and the glaze used in them is more transparent due to the low firing temperature. Water absorption in wall tiles is necessary and necessary if it is in accordance with the standards and is not considered a negative point in any way. Wall tiles should not be used for facades and exteriors of buildings because they have high water absorption. Except for special cases of tiles that have low water absorption. You can use the floor tile for the wall, but not the other way around. One example of these tiles is the three-dimensional inter-cabinet tile.
3) Porcelain tile: This type of tile is also made from white clay and baked in special conditions, which can be mentioned with pressing pressure and high baking temperature, and the obtained product In this way, in terms of parameters such as fracture strength, wear is stronger and their permeability is much lower. This type of tile is highly resistant to frost, erosion and chemicals. Therefore, there is no problem in using them in busy roads. The back of most porcelain tiles is white, but in some cases it may not be white.
4) Granite tile: A kind of porcelain tiles that are unglazed and polished. They are called granite. These tiles have high resistance like porcelain tiles and their water absorption rate is much less. Note that granite tile is completely different from granite stone.
Tile glaze on the tile body
As mentioned, tile glaze is a layer of glass, and it is poured in liquid form on the main body of the tile and baked again in the oven. This glaze covers the existing surfaces and on the body of the tile, so it reduces the penetration of materials such as water, etc., and it also provides a possibility by which different designs can be printed on the tile. Glazes are divided into two categories, glossy and transparent, based on the level of transparency. Glossy glazes have a higher level of brightness than other glazes, and for this reason, they make the environments look brighter and bigger. It is much easier to clean glossy tiles. The only drawback that can be placed on this tile is its slippery surface. In addition to these cases, the stains from the hands are clearly visible on these tiles, but the level of the matte glaze is much less and gives more peace to the surrounding environment.
What is ceramic tile prints?
Felt method: This method is the oldest type of painting ceramic tiles, the way it works is that the paint is poured on the stencil and in the next step, it is applied with a paint blade. The tile is spread. This method is not of high quality.
Roto method: In the RotoColor method, which is better than the flat method, in this method, tiles are designed using a laser on cylindrical cylinders. are engraved and the desired design is printed on the surface of the tile using the contact of this cylinder. The elegance and quality of this method is higher than the previous methods.
Digital method: So far, this method is one of the best and highest quality methods for printing tile designs. The operation of this method is the same as that of ordinary printers. These printers do not have contact with the surface of the tile and create the desired design on the tile. Using this printing technology, it can also be used on embossed tiles.
Types of baking tiles
Single baking: As the name suggests, in the single baking method, the body and glaze of the tile enter the furnace at the same time and during one step and do not enter the furnace again. Basically, the types of porcelain tiles that have a low water absorption rate are fired using this method.
Two types of firing: High-quality tiles that are used for walls, using this method. They are cooked. In this method, the main body of the tile is baked in the first step, and in the next step, after adding the glaze, it enters the glaze firing oven. Therefore, the glaze of this method is of high quality.
Three firings: This method is used for special designs, and after the first and second firing, the added design is added on the tile in the kiln. and they are of relatively high quality.