What is architecture? Who is the architect?
Architecture in the word means the science of construction and development, and architect means a builder and someone who strives to improve the world. The age of architecture as a technique for creating shelter is as old as human history, but architecture today in the world is a combination of the construction industry plus art, philosophy, sociology, social psychology, ethics, economics, natural and human geography, planning. and economic development and natural sciences such as biology and environment. Architecture in the ancient world was considered as a profession that, on the one hand, ranges from the most technical fields related to building sciences to the most artistic topics related to aesthetics, and on the other hand, from the small-scale design of an institutional element such as a reservoir or a small bridge or a stable to the design of a neighborhood. And it included a city, and although there were more expert and professional people in each of the above fields and there was a hierarchy among different architects, but in general all the above activities were in the field of architecture.
Architecture, as the most social human art, is related to the space around humans. The presence of space, building and city from the past to the present and in the future has not been absent from the daily life of people and will not be. Cities are full of buildings designed using art and scientific and mathematical skills. These skills in combination are called aesthetic elements. Aesthetic principles derived from art, science and mathematics are used in architectural design, such as the use of line, shape, space, light and color to create a pattern, balance, rhythm, contrast and unity. Together, these elements allow architects to create beautiful and useful buildings. To put it better, aesthetic principles plus structural aspects help to make a successful building...
Architecture, as the most social human art, is related to the space around humans. The presence of space, building and city from the past to the present and in the future has not been absent from the daily life of people and will not be. Cities are full of buildings designed using art and scientific and mathematical skills. These skills in combination are called aesthetic elements. Aesthetic principles derived from art, science and mathematics are used in architectural design, such as the use of line, shape, space, light and color to create a pattern, balance, rhythm, contrast and unity. Together, these elements allow architects to create beautiful and useful buildings. To put it better, aesthetic principles plus structural aspects help to make a successful building...
Who is the architect?
Vitruvius, the father of architecture, in the oldest book of architecture available (Ten Books of Architecture) describes the characteristics of an architect as follows:
An architect should be equipped with various sciences and knowledge, because it is with his discernment that all the works Other arts are tested. The knowledge of an architect is the child of science and practice. Action is continuous and regular practice in work, that is, crafting with all kinds of materials, according to a plan and action, the ability to express and show the architect's hand agility according to the principles of proportions. They are ignorant, they have never been able to find a dignity that is worthy of their bitterness, because those who have relied only on knowledge and follow-up have undoubtedly been looking for form and meaning. But those who have complete knowledge of science and practice, like men armed to the teeth, have immediately achieved their goal and earned honor.
In all matters, especially architecture, there are two things: what is definite and what gives meaning to something. What is certain is the subject we are talking about and what gives meaning is proof according to scientific principles. Therefore, the person who calls himself an architect must be proficient in both. He must be talented and teachable. The architect must be educated to leave more lasting memories in his mission. The architect must know the science of drawing a map in order to be able to draw plans without wasting time, to express the shape of the work he proposes. Geometry is also a great contribution to architecture. Especially, it teaches us the use of a ruler and ruler so that we can be prepared in the preparation of building plans within the boundaries of real estate and use the gunya, level, and shaghul correctly. He should also know the science of lighting, because with it and by using the geometry of the light inside the buildings, it can be drawn from certain points of the building. A broad knowledge of history is necessary, because among the decorative parts of the building, many motifs There are those who must be able to express the meaning hidden in it to others. And the philosophy that makes the architect high-minded and not self-centered and submissive, just and righteous without temptation. This is very important, because a work cannot be created properly without honesty and truth. An architect should not be an experimenter and occupy his mind with the idea of earning income. These are all among the rules of philosophy. An architect must also understand music to be able to understand the science of musical and mathematical intervals.
An architect must know the science of medicine due to the issues of climates, weather, the health and lack of health of the land and the use of illegal waters. Because without these considerations, health will not be provided in a house. He must know the rules. He should know the rules that are necessary in buildings that have common walls, regarding the water that falls from the stairs, as well as the rules about drains, windows and water supply and other categories of this type, which should be known to the architects in advance. Don't build buildings from it and solve it after the work is finished.
It is with astronomy that we find the east and west, north and south, and also with the science of the equinoxes, the time of evolution and the path of the stars. If someone is not aware of these things, he will not be able to understand the theory of sundials.
He says: I think that anyone has no right to call himself an architect in a hurry without climbing the stairs of these sciences since childhood. He has gone and with this kind of knowledge, arts and various sciences cultivated, he will reach the peak of the holy land of architecture. It may be surprising to the inexperienced that human nature can understand and remember so many subjects. Although the observation that all sciences have a common link of unity and unity, will lead to the belief that the mentioned matter can be easily realized. He should be an expert in all arts and sciences, much more than men who have perfected a subject with their own work and practice. "In fact, it does not materialize.