To check the components of the elevator motor and their performance, you should know that elevators are one of the complex machines today that will work for you for a long time if installed and used correctly. The performance of any elevator is related to important factors, including the quality of its parts. One of the most important parts of an elevator is its motor. Motors play a key role in the structure and efficiency of elevators. In the following article, we would like to check the components of two of the most common and widely used motors in order to have a complete guide for choosing an elevator motor. And choose a suitable motor for your elevator with confidence.
Engine and gearbox lift system
To introduce elevator motor components and their functions, it is necessary to start with the oldest type, which are gearbox motors. These types of motors have high speed, to help in moving the cable and thus the elevator cabin. Of course, today, traditional gears are no longer used and planetary or spiral models have replaced them. Finally, a brake installed by a spring on the system helps to keep the elevator cabin stable on each floor or on the floor, to ensure the safety of people in the elevator cabin. These elevators often have a capacity of 10 to 14,000 kg.
In the following, we will examine the components of the elevator motor and their performance in more detail.
Brake:
You will often find the brakes on gearbox motors on balance weights. Its task is to stop the elevator when necessary. When you reach your desired floor and want to stop the cabin to get off, you will use this part.
Governor:
In the continuation of examining the components of the elevator motor and their performance, it is necessary to mention the function of the governor or the speed control part. As the name suggests, its function is to control the speed of the elevator. Sometimes the speed of this car increases too much. In this situation, only the governor made of steel can help. This part is kept in a space full of oil to make it fluid. To prevent damage to this part, it is better to check its oil continuously.
Steel base:
This part plays the role of leveling and keeps all parts on the same level so that they don't get damaged.
Deflector:
The deflector will compensate for the vertical drop between the ropes above the steel that are located between the cabin and the balance weight.
engine room:
Gearbox systems need an engine room to house their parts. This engine room is often placed in the highest part of the elevator. If there is not enough space, it can be placed in the lower floors.
Gearless motor and elevator system
Continuing the introduction of elevator engine components and their functions, it is necessary to mention that the design and installation of the first elevators goes back to 1903 in the great city of New York. Since science and technology are advancing rapidly, elevators also continued to improve and finally, in 1972, gearless models were introduced. Gearless motors have the necessary standard for installation on tall buildings and have high speed.
Gearless systems often consist of a large DC motor that has a low speed (about 50 to 200 revolutions per minute). have been They also have 4 to 8 poles that are directly connected to the driving strip. There is also an electric brake on this driving strip to be used when necessary.
1) Sheave traction or drum:
This part is connected to the output shaft of the elevator drive motor. Around it, there are some U and V shaped grooves where the ropes on the elevator are placed. The resulting friction, when the suspension rope moves from the surface of the groove, will transfer the movement of the drive motor to the elevator cabin or its balance weight.
2) direct current armature in DC motor:
This is the type of motors that have direct current, using carbon brushes to control the flow and operation of the motor. This is why it is very important to regularly review and check these brushes and armatures in the operation of the elevator, to prevent any possible damage.
3) Rotor in AC motors:
Among the components of the elevator motor and their performance, such motors have many advantages. For example, the simplicity and good quality they offer to consumers.
4) Brake:
Such systems often have a brake on the counterweight to prevent any excessive speed and stop properly on any floor.
5) Steel base:
The motor and brake of the gearless system are often placed on this plate so that they do not move out of their original position and do not disturb the operation of the elevator. This part is common in both models of engines.
6) Deflector:
The deflector is also seen in both types of engines. This piece is grooved and is used to compensate for the vertical drop between the rope and the elevator cabin.
Now that you are familiar with the components of the elevator motor and its types and are aware of the function of each one, you can easily and confidently choose the right elevator motor for you.