Introduction of elevator types

Elevator is a device that acts as a movable cabin and enables the movement of people and objects from one floor to another floor, either up or down.
Elevator as a device Vertical transportation facilitates the transfer process between different floors of the building. Elevators are generally powered by electric motors that cause the vertical movement of the car inside the elevator shaft.
This movement may be through tension cables connected to counterweights or by hydraulic pumps that pump fluid into a piston in the form of a pump cylinder.
The history of the elevator goes back to ancient times, where humans first invented simple machines to facilitate their daily tasks. Ancient Roman era and reach the hands of the famous Roman architect, Vitruvius, which were designed around 26 years before Christ.

Elevators are divided into different types based on the type of application, movement mechanism and well structure. Here are some common types of elevators:

Industrial elevators, which are designed to transport loads at different height levels, are mostly used in workshops and production places.

Hydraulic elevators go up and down vertically using a piston located under the cabin. This system is ideal for buildings with a relatively low height, usually between two and eight stories, and can move at a speed of up to 200 feet per minute.
Hydraulic elevators use an advanced hydraulic system for their operation. In this system, the oil is pushed by a hydraulic pump into a cylinder that contains a piston. As the oil pressure increases, the piston moves and this causes the elevator cabin to rise. This type of elevator is ideal for low to medium height buildings, up to a maximum of five floors.

Hydraulic elevators have a smooth and continuous movement due to their special mechanical structure and are very reliable in terms of safety, because the possibility of them falling is very small. In addition, there is no need for an engine room on top of the shaft, and this advantage can help reduce construction and maintenance costs. In general, a hydraulic elevator consists of components such as an oil tank, a control panel, and a power unit for pumping. oil, and motion regulator sensors. These elevators can be operated using three-phase or single-phase electricity, and due to their silent and fast operation, they are used in places where smooth and effortless movement is required.

Traction elevators work through a steel rope that is attached to a pulley connected to an electric motor at the top of the elevator shaft. This type of elevator is suitable for buildings with medium to high height and has the ability to reach higher speeds compared to hydraulic elevators.

Traction electric elevators use a mechanical system based on traction for their operation. In this system, the cabin is connected to a counterweight by steel cables and is moved by an electric motor that rotates the traction pulleys. These pulleys provide enough force to move the cabin by creating the necessary friction for the cables.

Traction elevators are designed for use in medium to tall buildings and are able to move at higher speeds than hydraulic elevators. These elevators generally consume less energy and can cover more floors. Due to its efficient mechanism, the traction system allows quick and effective access to different floors and is known as one of the most common elevator systems in the world.

Panoramic or glass elevators, sometimes called glass elevators because of their glass walls and doors, allow passengers to see the surrounding scenery during their journey and experience a unique elevator travel experience. .

These elevators are usually installed in environments such as shopping malls, hotels, offices and tourist areas, and the use of glass in their structure not only contributes to the brightness and attractiveness of the interior space, but also an effective element. It has become in interior design and modern architecture.

Glass elevators can be designed in two ways, traction and hydraulic. Their traction type works using cables and pulleys connected to a motor and is suitable for tall buildings, while the hydraulic type, using a piston driven by pressurized oil, is preferred for low-rise buildings.

Panoramic elevator cabins can be designed in a variety of shapes such as circular, rectangular or trapezoidal, which allows architects to use them as a key element in their architectural designs.

Vacuum or pneumatic elevators, sometimes referred to as vacuum elevators, use an air suction system to generate their motive power. These elevators, which are often used in two- to four-story buildings, consist of a circular vertical cylinder made of polycarbonate and have a coaxial cabin inside. is When the doors are closed, a vacuum is created in the cylinder and the air pressure from the bottom to the top moves the cabin. These elevators usually travel at a speed of approximately 6 meters per second and are optimized with an electrical consumption of around 24 volts.

The installation of pneumatic elevators is done in a short time (about 1 to 3 days) due to the lack of a motor room and shaft, and they only need a space of about one square meter, which makes them a suitable option for buildings without elevators. Or with limited installation space.

Pneumatic elevators are also known as favorable environmental options due to their low energy consumption and no need for electricity to go down. The transparency of the cabin and piston of these elevators provides a pleasant view of the outside environment, and therefore, they are an ideal choice for commercial places such as shopping centers, restaurants, and hotels.