What is filtration?
Physical filtration or purification is a separation process in which suspended solids, fine particles and impurities dissolved in liquid or gas are separated through a medium. This process is done by passing the raw mixture through a filtering material or membrane, which is rough enough to hold larger particles intermittently and pass through them. Filtration as an effective process in liquid purification and purification, Air and gases are used. Examples of filtration include urban water purification, air purification in air conditioning systems, the use of filters in various industries such as the food industry, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Membrane and sand filters should be done. Each type of filter is selected according to the type of pollution and liquid or gas used. By using filtration, solid particles, organic matter, microbes and other pollutants are separated from liquids and gases, so that the outgoing liquid or gas is cleaner and with Quality is obtained.
Types of filtration
The types of filtration are very diverse and depending on the type of filter and the material used, they can include the following:
1. Gray filtration: This type of filtration uses filters with variable and diverse granularity, which are mainly made of polypropylene or nylon. These filters separate larger solids and in some cases can permeate the liquid stream.
2. Active carbon filtration: In this type of filtration, active carbon filters are used to neutralize organic substances, odor, taste, and color in liquids. Activated carbon filters have a hedged inner surface that absorbs organic matter.
3. Membrane filtration: In this type of filtration, membranes are used to separate particles and pollution. Membranes are usually made of polymers or cellulose and are rough enough to separate larger particles and simultaneously pass a liquid or gas.
4. Sand filtration: In this type of filtration, particles and solids suspended in the liquid are separated using layers of sand. Layers of sand with varying grain size are placed to hold the larger particles and pass the liquid through them.
Membrane filtration
Membrane filtration or membrane filtration is a separation method in which uneven membranes are used to separate particles and contaminants from a solution or fluid. This type of filtration works based on the size and properties of the particles in the solution. Membranes are usually made of synthetic or natural materials such as polymers, cellulose, polycarbonate and other materials. Membranes are classified based on the size and type of their pores and include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration membranes. In membrane filtration, the contaminated fluid passes through the membrane and absorbs particles larger than the membrane pores. For example, in microfiltration membranes, particles with a size larger than the limit of membrane shavings are separated. On the other hand, in ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes, particles with a smaller size are also separated, and this type of filtration is used as a very effective method to remove organic substances, microbes, viruses, and nanoparticles. Membrane filtration is used in various industries, including water and wastewater, industry. It is used in food, pharmaceutical, electronics and chemical industries.
