Chisel is a metal tool whose edges and tips are sharpened and shaped to cut wood or metals. Any type of tool that has the said feature is called a chisel. There is even a type of tool called a chisel in dentistry. Agricultural chisel, on the contrary, does not return the soil, and similar to a fork tool, it penetrates the soil and splits it and creates a groove in it.
For several years, the use of very simple and early examples of this The device, up to today's new examples, is still aimed at aerating and stirring the soil by turning it slightly. Chisel is used in cases where turning the soil, despite the positive effects, is not recommended for some reasons. For example, when plant residues should not go underground for erosion control, or in addition to limiting surface evaporation, they should cause better penetration and maximum moisture storage. Weeds can be controlled by this device. Also, using them at depths greater than the depth of reversible plows, it is possible to break the hard layer formed by the continuous work of reversible plows at a fixed depth.
Also, in chisels, due to not returning the soil, their tensile strength per unit width and depth of work is almost half of the tensile strength of the plow. But in the compound model, due to the addition of the roller part to the back of the machine, the tensile strength increases, while it is still less than the reversible plow. Therefore, if it is not necessary to completely cover the plant residues on the surface of the soil, the use of this device is more economical and its working speed can also be higher.
According to research, only 25% of the residue goes underground with chiseling. Goose claw chisel is used in summer fallow operations to put vegetation on the soil surface (plant mulch), usually they are equipped with goose claw blades instead of wide, with a width of 12 to 30 inches, and plowing is done only to a depth that Just cut the weeds and make the least disturbance on the soil surface. This device is usually available in the five-branch chisel, seven-branch chisel, and nine-branch chisel models in the market.
Simple one
This device is without rollers and consists of chassis, legs and blade or sock. In a simple chisel, each branch contains a stem and a blade. The simple chisel usually has two or three rows of branches, the small rider model has two rows and the large and stretchy rider model has three rows of branches. The branches of different rows are connected to the chassis in a zigzag pattern so that they are not in a row and behind each other, so that no work is done again, and the hay can pass through them without hindrance. The transverse distance of the branches from each other is 30 cm and the height of the chassis from the ground is about 60 to 70 cm. Different blades are used in this device, the most common of which is the pen blade. The basis of the work of this device is to break and crush the soil, not to overturn and turn the soil, as a result, it will have the best performance in dry and hard soils, and the benefits and advantages of the chisel are better defined in dry soil. If the soil moisture is higher than usual, the stalks remain in the soil and no crushing and softening of the soil is done.
The shank of the chisel is fastened to its own frame, which is attached to the chassis, with a retaining screw and a shear pin. If the stems hit a hard obstacle during the tillage operation, the pin is cut and the stems are guided back around their retaining screw in the frame, thus preventing damage to the blade and stem. The common types of this device are 5-branch, 7-branch, 9-branch and 11-branch simple chisels. The classification of these tools is based on the number of their branches, which ends in the difference in the width of the work and the difference in the required power.
Composite
One of the most common tillage tools is compound chisel, which is used in most regions of Iran. The advantages of compound chisels include ease of work, simple settings, less traffic in the field, reduction of soil compaction, reduction of fuel consumption, reduction of tillage operation time, this device is called Chisel Peeler, Chisel Packer, Roller Chisel Also known as roller chisel.