Today, with the rapid growth of building construction at the macro level, knowledge of materials and selection of materials suitable for construction conditions has become one of the most important issues. Construction items that are used in the construction and production of various structures are called construction materials. In the construction of a building or structure, different materials are used, each of which has its own characteristics. It is essential to have sufficient knowledge of these materials to draw construction plans and implement them as best as possible. For this reason, people working in the field of construction must have sufficient knowledge of construction materials and materials in order to be able to build an optimal structure in accordance with standard principles.
Classification of building materials based on sex
Composite materials: Composite materials are artificial or natural materials that are made from several different materials. From this category, we can refer to the types of mortar, concrete and isogum. be Materials such as sand, brick, cement and blocks are included in this category.
Building materials and their characteristics
Clay
In general, soils are divided into sticky and non-sticky; Clay, which is one of the most widely used construction materials, belongs to the group of sticky soils. One of the most important characteristics of clay is its suitability for controlling the temperature of the building. Since it is very important to maintain the temperature inside the building in summer and winter, the use of clay can be very effective in stabilizing the air in the building and save energy.
Clay for the production of materials It is used in a variety of ways such as tiles, ceramics, plaster mortar, bricks, straw and pottery. One of the main reasons for the widespread use of this material in the production of materials is its reasonable price, ease of use, and slowness.
Stone
One of the most used building materials from the time of the first humans until today is stone. Rocks are generally solid and hard materials that are formed from the combination of one or more minerals and are placed in three categories: sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks. One of the main reasons why stone is widely used in construction is its availability.
Brick
One of the most widely used building materials is brick. Bricks are one of the oldest types of building materials, which were produced by baking clay in the oven in the past. Today, with the advancement of technology, various bricks with different characteristics are produced. Bricks are very diverse and produced with different characteristics. The most common types of bricks are ordinary bricks, clay bricks, welded bricks, refractory bricks, and paving bricks.
Iron
Usually, iron alloys are used in construction. The most known iron alloys in construction applications are steel, copper, cast iron and aluminum. High resistance and malleability are two of the most obvious features of this category of building materials. The biggest drawback of iron is its low resistance to corrosion and rust, and in order to solve this problem, various coatings are used for it.
Cement
One of the most widely used building materials is cement. Cement is made from a combination of calcareous materials such as aluminum oxide and silicon. This material is produced as a soft powder, which is combined with cement to create a strong material called concrete. A material that everyone is aware of its prominent role in strengthening buildings. The use of cement in the construction of prefabricated parts, bridges, tunnels and road construction is common.
With the increase in the amount of construction in the country as well as the production of new and up-to-date construction materials, construction industry activists must have sufficient knowledge of the available materials to choose the most suitable ones for use in their projects.