Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The electrical energy supplied by the electric current inside the coil interacts with the magnetic field. This interaction leads to torque movement and as a result mechanical energy is produced. The difference between electric motor and dynamo is in their input and output energy. Alternators or dynamos receive mechanical energy such as water and wind flow and electrical energy is the result of their operation, while electric motors receive electrical energy and produce mechanical energy. In response to the question, what are the important electrical characteristics of electric motors? Working voltage, power, frequency, amperage and number of revolutions per minute are the important characteristics of electric motors.
Types of electromotors
Electric motors are produced in various forms depending on the type of electric current, in DC and AC electric motor models. Types of electric motors are used in single-phase and three-phase electric motor models according to their power. Three-phase electric motors are mostly used in industries and deep wells. The diversity of electric motors has made it possible that, in addition to industrial applications, their single-phase examples can also be used in household appliances and cars. And also household needs are used:
DC electromotors
These electric motors work using DC power supply. DC motors are grouped into two types: Brushless and Brushed. While DC electric motors with a brush only need to be connected to a DC power source, but brushless motors need a sensor to determine the direction of rotation of the magnetic poles of the rotors and the drive circuit so that it can provide the right current. /p>
AC electromotors
These motors are operated with an AC power source and are classified into groups depending on whether this power source is three-phase or single-phase. Single-phase motors are more commonly known as capacitor motors because they use a capacitor to move torque. Also, shaded pole motors are another type that use an additional coil or winding called a shading coil. AC electric motors are mostly used in devices that work with high voltage and current. In some cases, three-phase electric motors can be started with single-phase electricity. It should be noted that to start a three-phase electric motor with single-phase AC power, it is necessary to observe the following points. and 220 volts on its license plate.
Star electromotors
Stepper motors or stepper motors rotate using a constant step function as input at any instant. Stepper motors are grounded using their rotor structure. Fixed magnet motors have a magnet in their rotor, variable reluctance motors have a metal core, and hybrid motors use both.
Application of electromotors
DC electric motors are the most widely used electric motors that are used in devices that work with low voltage and current, while AC electric motors are mostly used in devices that work with high voltage and current. Some of the most important applications of dc electric motors can be seen in the following devices.
types of electric cars
mobile toys
types of bicycles and scooters
wipers and car heaters
Electric motors or electromotors are an essential part of industrial and household needs that perform important tasks. Apart from the type and current used, one should learn to maintain them and know the failure factors to ensure the permanent and correct operation of electric motors.