Construction with cement block
Cement block is one of the most important building materials that is used in many construction projects. Cement blocks are made of sand, cement, and water. These blocks are produced in small and large block making workshops and are widely used due to their availability and reasonable price. The higher the weight of cement blocks, the higher their resistance to pressure and impact. The arrangement of cement blocks is not a difficult task compared to other materials due to their cubic shape and large surface area. But for the resistance and strength of the structure, some points must be observed.
The benefits of using cement block
The most important advantages of using cement blocks in construction projects are:
- قابل استفاده در پی ساختمان‌ها و فونداسیون
- سهولت چینش اجرا در کوتاه‌ترین زمان
- قیمت مناسب
- استحکام زیاد
- مقاومت مناسب در برابر دما و همچنین حشراتی چون موریانه‌ها
- برخی از انواع بلوک سیمانی، عایق صدا نیز هستند.
Important Tips in Selection of Cement Block
Cement blocks are produced in different types and with different resistance and characteristics, including heavy blocks, light and semi-light blocks. For this reason, knowing the different types of blocks can help you implement your projects more correctly. Cement blocks are generally produced and supplied in two types, heavy and light, in terms of material and structure. Of course, each of them has different degrees; Using additives such as mineral pumice and foaming materials will lighten the weight of the block. In addition, the appearance of some blocks is also different, and these appearance changes are for specific applications and ease of use.
When buying cement blocks, some things should be considered, the most important of which are:
Type of structure
The type of structure is one of the most important points in choosing the right cement block. For example, it is better to use light cement blocks for building street tables and building internal partition walls. Heavy cement blocks are also used for the construction of external walls and floors of buildings. Another important point in determining the type of block used is the number of floors of the structure. It is better to use heavy cement blocks in the floors of the same floor and all single-story buildings, and semi-light and light cement blocks should be used for multi-story structures.
The weight and sex of the block
Blocks are produced in different types of heavy and light, each of which has its own characteristic and application. It is very important to pay attention to the weight of the blocks in the construction of any type of structure; Because some structures require more weight and resistance, and in others, the light weight of materials is considered an advantage.
Thermal and acoustic insulation
The insulation of walls is one of the important things today; Blocks have different functions from this point of view.
Climatic conditions of the environment
To choose cement blocks, the geographical location of the structure and the existing weather conditions should also be considered. In the southern regions of the country, due to the hot and humid weather, it is better to use multi-walled and light blocks with high thermal capacity.
Mortar
Some cement blocks are produced with thicker walls or in the type of open or closed ends, and the amount of mortar they need is different. Therefore, it is better to consider this case based on the required strength of the structure.
Important points in using cement blocks
In addition to choosing the right types of cement blocks, how to use and arrange them is also important. Some of the most important points about cement blocks are:
- قبل از استفاده از بلوک سیمانی باید همه‌ی جداره‌های آن خیس شوند؛ این کار موجب افزایش چسبندگی بلوک به ملات می‌شود.
- برای دیوار چینی باید باید ردیف‌های گوشه دیوار ترازبندی شوند و از ابتدا تا انتهای دیوار، بلوک سیمانی چیده شود.
- برای ردیف اول بلوک‌ها بایستی‌که با کمی فاصله نسبت به هم چیده شوند تا فضای مابین‌شان توسط ملات پر گردد.
- برای دیواره‌های سازه، با توجه به استحکام مورد نیاز و ارتفاع، پی مناسبی باید در نظر گرفته شود و به‌خوبی آماده شود.
- ردیف‌هایی که روی هم چیده می‌شوند نباید بلوک‌ها دقیقا بر روی بلوک زیرین خود به‌صورت هم‌سان قرار گیرند. یعنی بلوک بالایی باید به‌طور تقریبا هم اندازه بر روی دو بلوک زیرین قرار گیرد. این کار موجب قفل شدن بهتر و در نتیجه استحکام بیشتر دیوار خواهد شد.
- شکستن و خرد کردن بلوک‌های سیمانی موجب کاهش مقاومت آن می‌گردد.
- ملات مناسب برای چینش بلوک سیمانی، شن و ماسه و سیمان است که باید با میزان آب کافی با قوام مناسب، روی بخش‌های زیرین و دیواره‌های بلوک قرار گیرد.
- برای مقاوت بیشتر دیواره‌ها در بلوک چینی، از قرار دادن میلگردهای فلزی به‌طور عمودی در سوراخ‌های بلوک‌ها استفاده می‌شود.
