Livestock and poultry feed in Gilan

Feeds used in feeding livestock and poultry account for the main part of breeding costs. Choosing a quality and economic feed that is able to meet the needs of livestock and poultry is one of the main factors of proper efficiency and production health.

Carbohydrates

Cereals: It belongs to the Gramine family, which includes corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, rye and sorghum. They are used as feed sources for livestock and poultry. Starch is the main food storage of grains. Cereals are poor in amino acids, especially lysine, extremely poor in calcium and average in phosphorus. Corn: Corn is one of the most energy-generating food grains in It is used for livestock and poultry, because it has more energy than barley and wheat and is digested very quickly and is very cheap from an economic point of view. Also, corn is very tasty for chickens, but due to the lack of fiber, Protein, calcium and phosphorus in corn Basically, the combination of protein sources containing these foods with corn is used in nutrition to somehow compensate for the lack of these materials. There are white, yellow, purple, pointed and horse tooth types of corn, and yellow corn is used for feeding livestock. and poultry are used.

Barley: Barley is one of the most energy-rich grains that has an average level of protein. There are limitations in the consumption of barley, which is due to some enzymes present in it, and we should use the beta-glucanase enzyme to solve such problems when consuming a lot of barley, so as not to face problems in the diet. There is energy-generating food, we can refer to phosphorus, calcium, fat, minerals, cellulose, nitrogen, and dry matter, each of which is present in different percentages in the atmosphere and has a very good effect on growth. >Nitrogen substances in the atmosphere It is very little, and for this reason, the combination of barley and corn is used to somehow compensate for the lack of these materials.

Wheat: Wheat is considered one of the most expensive grains as a source of energy, which is used for livestock and poultry due to having the highest percentage of energy. Harder wheats have more energy and the nutritional value of wheat is usually measured by the hardness or softness of the wheat. Wheat has more protein than corn and is richer in protein than corn. By combining wheat and corn, breeders get the best energy-generating feed that has the best food formula. The chemical composition of wheat is the same as the previous energy-generating substance, barley, all of which are in This substance is found in different amounts. Basically, wheats that cannot be converted into flour and non-consumable waste from silos are used to feed livestock and poultry, which have the same properties. Rice: has a shell called It is paddy that after its separation, brown rice is obtained, which contains bran, and by separating the bran, the white kernel of the grain is obtained.

Milo: The amount of energy of this source is less than corn, but more than wheat and barley. The consumption of milo should be crushed or floured, otherwise the percentage of its absorption will decrease.

Sorghum: It is a plant from the cereal family, called corn . In terms of importance, sorghum is placed after wheat, barley, and corn. This plant is one year, but sometimes it is cultivated for several years. This plant is cultivated for use in food, animal fodder and ethanol production.

Rye: Plant of It belongs to the wheat family and is resistant to cold. This plant grows to a height of two meters. Ammonia nitrogen is the most desirable form of nitrogen in rye. Its palatable amount is less than all grains and its high consumption causes digestive disorders.

Rye is sometimes contaminated with ergot It causes poisoning and abortion in cows. Rye has laxative properties for poultry and makes feces sticky and creates health and management problems.

Cotton seed oil: This oil has limited use because due to the presence of gossypol, it causes iron deficiency and lysine is removed during processing and the Maillard reaction occurs. When a large amount of this fatty acid is used, it causes the production of a red yolk and increases the fatty acid in the yolk and reduces the yield of the chick. It is from 2%, which has complications in growth, feed consumption and fat digestion in birds. Due to long chain fatty acids, it creates a higher growth rate.

Sunflower oil: Due to its unsaturated fatty acids, this oil reduces fat deposition and increases carcass protein. will be The energy obtained from unsaturated fatty acids is spent on body metabolism, creating a balance between fats, synthesis and catabolism of fats. Linseed oil: Its consumption in poultry causes Omega 3 accumulates in the stomach and chest tissue because it is rich in Omega 3 and affects the quality of meat. This oil has high linoleic acid and arachidonic acid.

Soybean oil: It has impurities that are removed by filtration, dewatering and gumming processes. Phospholipids, Gums, free fatty acids, metal materials, peroxides and pigments are among the remaining materials of this process. Corn oil: from unsaturated fatty acids, including It is rich in linoleic.

Soybean meal: is one of the best sources of protein for feeding animals, which is low in amino acids methionine and cysteine. Soy has many toxins for poultry, the most important of which is trypsin inhibitor. This agent stops the breakdown of proteins and causes the pancreas to enlarge. They extract oil from the kernel. Due to the presence of gossypol, the high use of cottonseed meal in feeding poultry and other monogastric animals causes poisoning and deaths. It also changes the color of the yolk and turns it into olive green or black. The occurrence of this color change is related to It is due to the combination of iron with gossypol.

Canola meal: It has relatively large amounts of sinapin. One of the products of its decomposition is trimethylamine, which creates taste and The smell of fish is in the egg.

Sunflower flour: Depending on whether the sunflower seeds are peeled or unpeeled, two types of flour are obtained, which have different nutritional value. Seeds with skin have a lot of crude fiber, which should not be used in feeding monogastric animals, but can be used in the diet of ruminants. A good stomach be.

Due to population growth and increased demand for protein, the animal husbandry industry has made remarkable progress. To enter this industry, the basic needs of livestock must be identified; which is different according to the breed and breeding purpose. One of the main and most important needs of livestock is feed, which accounts for 60-70% of the cost of breeding and 40-50% of the gross value of milk. Livestock feed includes fodder and concentrate.